Northwest Territory One of the most important accomplishments under the Articles of Confederation Planned to sell land to raise revenue By 1784, a plethora of individuals moved westward Caused problems with Native Americans Federal leaders could not afford to fight wars; decided to regulate settlement All of the new territory in the northwest was considered to be free states; no slaves

THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787

THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE CONFEDERATION: a group of loosely joined, but sovereign states.

THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE Problem: Many states made claims to the western lands (Northwest Territory). Boundaries of the Northwest Territory: Great Lakes (north), Pennsylvania’s western border (east), Ohio River (south), Mississippi River (west) Having a plethora people moving into the northwest territory caused many problems for the federal land leaders. Problems with Native Americans arose, and the federal leaders could not afford to wage war to protect the settlers so they opted to regulate frontier settlement.

THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE Solution to the Problem: All states agreed to cede (give) their claims to Congress, so Congress could sell the land for the good of the country (confederation). Once the states had ceded their land claims to Congress, the land was considered NATIONAL DOMAIN – Public land.

THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE LAND ORDINANCE of 1785: Congress’s plan to sell the land of the Northwest Territory. Rectangular Survey System – Used to measure & cordon off sections into squares of land. It parceled the land to be sold. It was divided up into 36 sections each consisting of 1 square mile or 640 acres. It sold for $1 per acre This system essentially favored the wealthy because the famers would not be able to afford having to purchase an entire square mile. They had to rely on the wealthy speculators to sell portions of the land to the farmers How did the land ordinance of 1785 favor wealthy speculators? -large portions of land that were very expensive Why might owners of large farms choose not to buy land in the NW Territory? -all states in NW Territory are free states; no labor

THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE Township – the largest division of land. It is thirty-six square miles. Township 6 MILES 6 MILES 6 miles is about Carterville to Herrin (5.8 miles)

Townships

THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE Section – One square mile (640 acres). There are 36 sections in a township. 1 Section = 640 acres Section

THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE Acre – the smallest division of land. It sold for $1 per acre. The average size farm was 40 acres. So, it sold for $40. An acre is about the size of a football field, but a football field is slightly larger. There are 640 acres in a section of a township. An acre is 43, 560 square feet, or 1 square mile ACRE

THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE Education – The sale from one section of each township goes to start a school for that township. How much $ went for education? Answer: $640

THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787 This document establishes… the principles and procedures for the orderly expansion of the United States.

THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787 How to become a state STATEHOOD STAGES STAGE 1: Congress would appoint a governor, secretary, and 3 judges. STAGE 2: When the population reached 5,000 adult males in the area… There had to be an ELECTION of an ASSEMBLY and one non-voting delegate to Congress. *Ohio’s legislative body is called the General Assembly.

THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787 How to become a state Statehood Stages (Continued) STAGE 3: When the population reaches 60,000 adult males the area can: Draft a state constitution Request admission to the nation If Congress approves the state Constitution that area will become a state.

THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787 Legacy & Impact Five states: Ohio (1803) Minnesota Indiana (1816) Michigan Illinois (1818) Wisconsin Michigan (1837) Wisconsin (1848) Illinois Indiana One of the main points of the Northwest Ordinance was that the areas was to be divided into “not less than 3 nor more than 5 States.” We ended up with Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, & Wisconsin. Though part of Minnesota was part of the Northwest territory, it was not one of the states established with the NWO. Ohio

THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE of 1787 Legacy & Impact Rights Guaranteed: Trial by jury Public education Freedom of religion Prohibition of slavery The constitutions of Ohio & the other states created out of the Northwest Territory guaranteed basic rights, including religious freedom, trial by jury, the right to bail (except in capital cases), due process, and property rights. Land ownership became a requirement for voting & serving the government in those early years. Education was considered important and slavery was outlawed. Freedom and opportunity came at a price for the Indian’s of the region. 100,000 Indians were expected to give up their lands and relocate. The NWO of 1787 paved the way for Ohio to become a state of the United States of America. It also, with some minor modifications, established a process for admission to the US for ALL states since 1787. The NWO of 1787 paved the way for Ohio to become a state. It also, with some minor modifications, established a process for admission to the United States for ALL states since 1787.