Totalitarianism: government control over every aspect of public and private life

Fascism: a political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule Nazism: the fascist policies of the National Socialist German Workers’ party (Nazi Party), based on totalitarianism, a belief in racial superiority, and state control of industry.

FASCISM / NAZISM COMMUNISM Basic Principles Authoritarian Action oriented Leader identified with State Leninism Marxism Dictatorship of Proletariat Political Nationalist Militarist Racist (Nazism) Internationalist Social Support by Industrialist and military Supported by workers (USSR) And peasants (China) Economic Private property; control by State corporation or State Collective ownership; Centralized state ownership Cultural Censorship Indoctrination Secret Police Examples Fascism - Italy and Spain Nazism - Germany Communism in USSR and China Leaders Mussolini – Italy Hitler - Germany Stalin - USSR

Name of Ruler Title: Country: Type of Government: Dates of Rule: Goals/Ideas/Characteristic Gov’t: Totalitarian Policies

Hirohito Title: Emperor Country: Japan Dates he ruled: 1926-1989 Type of Government: Monarchy  Puppet rule to military Goals, Ideas, and Characteristics of Gov’t: Nationalism Militarism Industrialization of Japan Need for raw materials leads to Imperialism Invasion of Korea, Manchuria, and China

Hirohito

Josef Stalin Soviet Union - Communist “Man of Steel” Uneducated

Goal: Industrialize Russia Rise to power Lenin died Killed Trotsky (expected successor) Goal: Industrialize Russia

c. Legacy Communism: government enforced socialism – collectivization (peasants operate farms as a group… gov provides tractors, fertilizer, seed) Suppressed rival parties: “Great Purge” (4 million sent to Gulags) Censored press, art, music, religion Widespread use of nationalistic propaganda Punished/killed critics – Terror Famine… 5-8 million died of starvation in Ukraine in 1932 Schools indoctrinated children Women granted equality

Industrial Revolution 5 Year Plans: Set impossibly high quotas to increase the output of steel, coal, oil, & electricity Limit production of consumer goods to reach goals Result = severe food, housing, & clothing shortages Though tough, Stalin’s 5 Year Plans did make substantial economic gains

Agricultural Revolution Collective Farms: Govt seizure of privately owned farms Produced for state Many (peasants) actively fought this intuitive by the govt

2. Benito Mussolini Italy - Fascist Charismatic speaker Bitter over Treaty of Versailles’ self determination “Il Duce” The Leader

rise to power Black shirts: thugs that terrorize opposition Threatens to march on Rome To prevent overthrow… King Emmanuel III declares him Prime Minister (leader of the legislature) Goal: Wanted to restore legacy of Roman empire

c. Legacy Fascist: government controlled capitalism – work with business and agri leaders… workers forbidden to strike and wages = low Suppressed rival parties Censored press Rigged elections Women = pushed out of paying jobs Reduces unemployment by increasing size of army

3. Adolf Hitler Germany - Fascist “Der Fuhrer” the leader 3. Adolf Hitler Germany - Fascist “Der Fuhrer” the leader WWI Veteran Anti-Semite Bitter over Treaty of Versailles’ reparations Mesmerizing speaker

Goal: Wanted to restore the legacy of the Holy Roman Empire Rise to power Brown shirts = storm troopers terrorize opposition Head of the Nazi Party – National Socialists German Workers Party Named Chancellor: Prime Minister Goal: Wanted to restore the legacy of the Holy Roman Empire

3. Legacy Fascist: government enforced capitalism Suppressed rival parties (only allowed NAZI party) Censored press Reduced inflation and unemployment - public works, build highways, housing, and replant forests Indoctrinated young – Hitler Youth: paramilitary group for boys Women dismissed from jobs