Load Management Applied to Intelligent Automation of Refrigerators Lucca Zamboni - EDP Bandeirante Thiago Lemme Lafalce - EDP Bandeirante Germano Lambert-Torres – Dinkart Sistemas Carlos Henrique Valério de Moraes - UNIFEI Fernando Moana - Enerfocus Jônatas Duarte Lima - Enerfocus

Agenda Introduction Smart Grids and Smart Cities in Brazil Discussions about the Smart-Grid Concept Overview of the Problem The New Control System Conclusions

Introduction Generation Transmission Distribution Multiple Companies Before: Deregulation Process After: Generation Transmission Distribution Single Company Trading Automation Communication Internet  And more:

Introduction In Brazil: The Brazilian operation philosophy by induction using tariffs or by subliminal automation The proposed system is installed in refrigerators to reduce the energy consumption during the peak-load period of the power distribution company

Smart Grids and Smart Cities in Brazil Bandeirante Bandeirante Smart City Smart-grid pilot project: Aparecida Features: electric mobility, distributed generation, efficient public lighting, energy efficiency, smart metering, and network automation Smart metering: Ecil, 13,500 customers Started in December 2012.

Smart Grids and Smart Cities in Brazil Other examples: CEMIG Sete Lagoas City 8,000 intelligent meters substation automation management and integration of distributed generation Eletropaulo Barueri City dense market, with critical loads and a high degree of demand 51,490 clients

Discussions about the Smart-Grid Concept Concepts of “smart” and “intelligent” For example: Portuguese: “redes inteligentes” Spanish: “redes inteligentes” French: “réseaux intelligents” The translation of “smart” to “intelligent” and not for “clever” has caused some problems of misunderstanding.

Overview of the Problem Typical Residential Daily Load Curve Highlight Areas: ● Valley before the peak-load ● Peak-load Problem: Transfer some load from the peak-load region to the valley region before the peak-load. Our case: white-line devices (refrigerators and freezers)

Overview of the Problem Problem: Transfer some load from the peak-load region to the valley region before the peak-load. Our case: white-line devices (refrigerators and freezers) Solution: to know the consumer habits when he/she opens the refrigerator door (number of times and opening time) Internal temperature increases Refrigerator compressor starts Open the door

Overview of the Problem Types of Refrigerators Electronic control Thermal control

New Control System Main circuit of the compressor control New strategy of the peak-load control system

New Control System 1) When the refrigerator leaves the Freeze state and the hour-time is in peak-load.  The system goes to the Inactive state. The control key opens and begins to count a time equal to 200% of the normal period switched off. 2) After this time, the system leaves the Inactive state for the Retrieve state.  The control key closes and begins to count 40 min. 3) After this time, does the peak-load period remain?  If yes: The system goes to the Inactive state. The control key opens and begins to count a time equal to 200% of the normal period switched off. If no: The system key is still closed and the refrigerator is going to Freezer state, continuing the normal cycle.

New Control System

New Control System Reduction: around 25%

Conclusion Change of technology New control strategy and board 180 new refrigerators New tests on replaced refrigerators