The Western Frontier Chapter 5

The Plains Natives By mid 1800’s, were excellent horsemen and shots with rifles Powerful spirits controlled everything in nature Life was as a group, not individual

Native American Wars Massacre at Sand Creek: 1864 150 killed Treaty of Fort Laramie: 1868 Red River War: 1874-75

Little Bighorn: 1876 Custer’s last stand

Destruction of the Buffalo 1800 65 million Buffalo 1890 Fewer than 1000 Buffalo 1900 a single wild herd was in Yellowstone

Dawes Act Broke up the Reservations Gave each family 160 acres Sold the rest to white settlers

Wounded Knee: December 1890 300 unarmed Natives killed

Settling the West Bonanza Farms Homestead Act 160 Acres Exodusters Oklahoma Land Rush

Morrill Act Federal land for Ag colleges

Virgil Morgan Wyatt

Frank & Tom McLowery, and Billy Clanton Ike Clanton Doc Holliday

                  Jesse & Frank James

Billy The Kid

Sundance Kid Butch Cassidy

Annie Oakley Wild Bill Calamity Jane Buffalo Bill

Klondike Gold Rush

Farmers Unite Prices falling Banks foreclosing on farms Railroad

Granger Movement First organization dedicated to farmers Founded by: Oliver Kelley

800,000 members in 1875 Women had equal rights Began as a social movement

Farmer’s Alliance More emphasis on gov’t action Lower taxes, higher prices for goods, etc…

Very strong in the south Alliance was split 1890 won seats in Congress

Two sides come together, form the peoples party or Populist Party

Goals of the Populist Party Limit terms of Pres. and V.P. Direct election of Senators Unlimited coining of silver Government takeover of big businesses

William Jennings Bryan

Fall Of Populism Depression of 1893 Railroads go bankrupt Value of money drops

Fall Of Populism Populist legislation gets shot down in the courts McKinley wins election in 1896, Populism slowly disappears

A New Industrial Age Chapter 6---pg 228 to 248

Inventions/ Inventors Faraday and Henry: Dynamo Thomas Edison: Light bulb, phonograph, moving picture camera, etc… Samuel Morse: Telegraph Alexander Graham Bell: Phone

Dynamo Faraday and Henry

Thomas Edison-Light bulb, phonograph, moving picture camera, etc…

Thomas Edison-Light bulb

Phonograph- Early CDs

Telephone Light blub

Automatic Stock Ticker

Samuel Morse—Morse Code-language of the telegraph

Telegraph

Alexander Graham Bell- yes the phone guy

Can you hear Me now?

Steel Industry Bessemer Process Production up 20% Four main producing cities: Pittsburgh, Detroit, Cleveland, and Birmingham

Bessemer steel

Henry Bessemer

Railroads “Empire of Rails” Bigger trains, better tracks Most tracks ran up to 50 miles Created a standard gauge 4’ x 8 1/2” (1870)

For ease of transport, time zones are created. Charge more for short haul than for a long one. Sell their grant land to corporations instead of settlers

Transcontinental R.R. Began in 1863 From Omaha to Sacramento Central Pacific (Charles Crocker) Union Pacific (Grenville Dodge)

Irish and Chinese build most of the system 1200 lost in Sierras May 10, 1869 it is completed at Promontory Point, Utah

Charles Crocker-Banker

Leland Stanford -Governor of California and founder of University

Grenville Dodge—planner of route for Transcontinental Railroad

“The Golden Spike”

“They drove the Spike and then they left. The armies marched away “They drove the Spike and then they left. The armies marched away. A town grew up, a sickly thing, Of gamblers, bars, and "droves." For half a year the changing point, And then it slowly died. “

…Now

George Pullman- Sleeper cars for trains, a Company town for his employees

Philosophy of Wealth Extremely wealthy v. the extremely poor Section 1 Philosophy of Wealth Extremely wealthy v. the extremely poor Should the wealthy share? Is it the fault of the poor that they are poor?

Social Darwinism Coined by Herbert Spencer: The unfit lose to the fit “Survival of the fittest.” The unfit lose to the fit Winners make up a natural upper class

Charles Darwin—Survival of the fittest

Rags to Riches

John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil built 2% share to 90% market share

Cornelius Vanderbilt Railroad monopoly

J.P. Morgan steel, holding company --World’s Largest Business

Work Conditions 10-12 hr. workday 6 days/wk for $2-$3/day Extremely dangerous Sweatshops: Garment Industry Child Labor

Labor Unions National Labor union (1866) Knights of Labor (1869) William Silvus No strikes, work through politics Knights of Labor (1869) Uriah Stevens Very successful Open to everyone

A.F.L. (1886) Samuel Gompers Skilled workers No blacks, women, or immigrants Collective bargaining Largest union 1.75 million

Samuel Gompers Organized skilled labor

Eugene Debs Unionize skilled and unskilled labor

Violence emerges R.R. Strike of 1877 Haymarket Riot of 1886 Homestead Strike 1892 Pullman Strike 1894

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory