World War I Losing the Peace Mr. Meester World History 11-4

Vocabulary Treaty of Versailles League of Nations 14 Points of Peace Reparations Spanish Flu Epidemic Women’s Suffrage

The Peacemakers The men who designed the peace treaties at the end of the war: Woodrow Wilson, President of the U.S. Georges Clemenceau, Premier of France. David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of Great Britain.

Goals of Peace U.S. Britain and France The “Fourteen Points” of Peace Free trade No secret treaties Arms reductions “A League of Nations” Wilson wanted to create a lasting peace (only the League makes it in) Britain and France Wanted to severely punish Germany Weaken it so they’d never fight again

The Treaty of Versailles Dealt only with Germany Article 231: The War Guilt Clause Officially blamed Germany and Austria-Hungary for starting the war German Reparations Forced to pay for the war Over $300 million (monetary compensation) for the damage they “caused” Crippled Germany’s economy

Versailles: The Military Limitation on the Military German Army max 100,000 men Cut back its navy, Limited battleships & No Subs Eliminates its air force Lands in western Germany were to be 100% demilitarized.

Versailles: The Territory Alsace-Lorraine was officially returned to France Poland, Belgium, & Denmark also received land Germany lost control of all its colonies

Geographical Changes after World War I Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia lost lots of their land. New nations emerged in Europe Poland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, & the Baltic States The Ottoman Empire Broken up creating Turkey & countries in the Middle East Borders created by Britain & France

Europe 1914

Europe 1919

Problems with these Treaties The new boundaries were not drawn on ethnic lines Many cultures were divided Especially in the Middle East The U.S. disagreed with many details of the treaties They didn’t ratify (sign) them The U.S. didn’t join the League of Nations This weakened its effectiveness

Other Important Events 1918: Spanish Flu Weakened by war, people starting to die from the flu Over 20 million in 3 months Women’s Suffrage Due to their war efforts women around the world gained the right to vote US 1920

More Problems England let France enforce the harsh penalties against Germany The French were ruthless The failures in the peace agreements of WWI became the first causes of World War II Give rise to Adolph Hitler

Recap The Goals of Peace Treaty of Versailles: Problems US, France, & England Treaty of Versailles: Problems War Guilt Clause, Reparations, Military Limitations, & Territory Boundary Changes Europe & the Middle East Other Problems with Treaties