Centralization and Decentralization

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Ministry of Public Sector Development Public Sector Development Program Better Government Delivering Better Result.
Advertisements

DECENTRALIZATION AND FINANCING OF SERVICES Gordana Matković Sofia, July 2007.
An open system approach to decentralisation and local governance Harmonisation, Decentralisation and Local Governance.
POLAND Development Management System in Poland Brussels, 2 July 2010.
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Organization and Structure of Government in Pakistan Lecture no. 14.
International Conference on Small States and Economic Resilience April 2007 Valetta, Malta Islands and Small States Institute Government intervention.
Comparative Assessment of Decentralization in Africa American University November 14, 2011.
Organizational Structure
Module 1: Introduction and the Context Concepts of Urban Planning Jeff Soule American Planning Association.
DECENTRALIZATION AND RURAL SERVICES : MESSAGES FROM RECENT RESEARCH AND PRACTICE Graham B. Kerr Community Based Rural Development Advisor The World Bank.
Implementing Strategy in Companies That Compete in a Single Industry
DECENTRALIZATION:AN OVERVIEW DENNIS A. RONDINELLI Kenan Institute of Private Enterprise Kenan-Flagler Business School UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, CHAPEL.
ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN THE 21 ST CENTURY: FRAUD, CORRUPTION AND ETHICS (THE UGANDA EXPERIENCE) PAPER PRESENTED AT TRAINING WORKSHOP HELD AT DOCKLANDS HOTEL.
Departmentalization by simple numbers
Behavior in Organizations
Public Administration Jay Shaftitz & E. W. Russell
Pesewa Presentations. Why do we need to organise international marketing activities? The way in which an organisation is structured helps determine: –
Vietnam Budget Reform over and Intentions over Content (3 parts): 1.Fiscal – budget reforms initiatives making important contribution.
National Development Plans Review Saudi Arabia 3 rd and 7 th National Development Plans For: Professor Habib Alshuwaikhat By: Ahmad A. Alkadi CP202 – Planning.
Organizing By D/ Ahlam EL-Shaer Lecture of Nursing Administration Faculty of Nursing - Mansoura University.
Decision Making and Control chapter eleven McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Decentralization In Developing Nations. What is decentralization? Transfer of authority from central to local Transfer of authority from central to local.
 Decentralization of Public Sector  (Dr. Christopher Gan)
. Organizing is that part of managing that involves establishing an organizational structure of roles for people to fill in an organization.
Governance Reform in Cambodia: Decentralization and Deconcentration and Local Governance Lecture 8 1 Public Administration Reform and Decentralized Governance.
Lecture Five Privatization Belaynew Ashagrie, HU College of Law, 2015.
EU FUNDING INSTRUMENTS – GENERAL REVIEW. EU's funding structure and the associated instruments and programmes  Pre-Accession Assistance:
National Information Communication Technologies Strategy Vasif Khalafov “National strategy” working group - Web -
Organizing Process a course of action, a route, a progression Structure an arrangement, a configuration, a construction.
Educatioanal Management
Training Course on “Training of Trainers from the Greater Mekong Sub- Region on Decentralized Education Planning in the Context of Public Sector Management.
Page1 Intergovernmental Aspects of Service Delivery Public Expenditure for Human Development Course Dana Weist PRMPS 12 November 2003.
The role of the state in (economic) development : 1. the provision of infrastructure; 2. the regulation of the economy through, for example, monetary,
LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN TIMOR-LESTE Ministry for State Administration 6th Constitutional Government 1.
Assist. Prof. Dr. Özer KÖSEO Ğ LU ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION.
Presented By Nisha Aryal Abdullah Shibli Sadiq TRANSACTIONAL FRICTION BETWEEN NGOs AND PUBLIC AGENCIES IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: CULTURE OR DEPENDENCY?
 P lanning is an intellectual process, consicous determination of courses of action, the basing of decisions on purpose, facts and considered estimates.
Corporate Governance In Tanzania 2009
International Business, 8th Edition
Organizational Structure and Controls
Welcome to our Presentation
Community Forestry - Module 4.1 Forestry Training Institute, Liberia
Developing reporting system for SDG and Agenda 2063, contribution of National Statistical System, issues faced and challenges CSA Ethiopia.
Public Policy Process: Policy formulation and implementation approaches Ghanashyam Bhattarai
Planning Sreekanth N V.
Organizational Structure and Controls
Implementing Strategy in Companies That Compete in a Single Industry
Kari Kiesiläinen Heikki Liljeroos
Local Self-Governance in Europe
Chapter 05 Project Organization
Chapter 14 Vocabulary Review The Federal Bureaucracy
DECENTRALIZED ADMINISTRATION
Organization Structure and Management Systems
Chapter 12 Implementing strategy through organization
Practicing law in transforming Indonesia
Institutional Framework, Resources and Management
POLI 213 INTRODUCTION TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Government’s Role in Economy
Decentralization May 27, 2009 Chapter 10: Decentralization.
19 December 2016 Institute for Trade Studies and Researches(ITSR)
Chapter 12 Implementing strategy through organization
The European Anti-Corruption Report
Public Policy Process: Policy formulation and implementation approaches Ghanashyam Bhattarai
Federal Bureaucracy Bureaucracy.
Delegation of Authority & Management by Objectives
Unit 6 ORGANIZING.
As we grow, what should our business look like?
Presentation transcript:

Centralization and Decentralization M.A.M.Fowsar Lecturer in Political Science Department of Political Science South Eastern University of Sri Lank

Meaning of Centralization the process of transfer of administrative authority from a lower to a higher level of government is called centralization (L.D. White). it signifies the concentration of authority and decision – making power at the top of the administrative pyramid. The top level may be the chief executive or the headquarters. the field agencies are merely executing and implementing agencies without any power to act on their own initiative. centralization inclines toward power and domination of the headquarters over field stations.

Reasons for Centralization Personality Factors: lack of trust in the aptitude of employees at the subordinate level insecure personality of the chief executive ‘I am the best’ syndrome with most chief executives Political Factors: sharing power obstruction to speedy disposal of business urban bias military budget and defence spending technology and security issues legacy of colonialism Economic Factors: big budget policies Foreign aid control over the social security spending

Advantages of Centralization effective control over the entire administration system uniform policies, methods and procedures of administration effective central control of administration checks: the abuse of authority misuse of administrative powers avoids expensive duplication of work

Disadvantages of Centralization middle and lower levels powerless and weak overburdened central authority autocratic control over subordinates leads to delay in arriving at decisions makes decisions without any knowledge of local conditions not provide any opportunity to the people participation

Meaning of Decentralization the process of transfer of administrative power from a higher to a lower level of government is called decentralization (L.D. White). Decentralization implies the establishment of relatively autonomous field and regional offices and delegation of decision – making powers and functions to them. Decentralization signifies the central authority divesting itself of certain powers, which are given away to the autonomous local authorities

Dimensions and Forms Distinction by hierarchy and function: Territorial Decentralization: transfer of centrally produced and provided public goods & services to local level units in the govt. hierarchy of jurisdiction. Functional Decentralization: transfer of authority to perform specific tasks to specialized organizations.

Dimensions and Forms Political Decentralization: transfer of diction making power to citizens or their elected representatives. Spatial Decentralization: reducing excessive urban concentration in a few large cities by promoting regional growth poles having potential to become centers of manufacturing & agricultural marketing. Market Decentralization: creating conditions that allow public goods & services to be produced & provided by market mechanisms. Administrative Decentralization: hierarchical and functional distribution of powers & functions between central and non-central governments.

Types of Administrative Decentralization Degree of administrative decentralization: De-concentration Delegation Privatization Deregulation Devolution

De-concentration the least extensive form of decentralization transfer of authority by administrative means to different levels under jurisdictional authority of central govt. Ministries retaining power Transferring the implementation roles Shifting of workload Field administration Local administration

Delegation a more extensive form of decentralization than de-concentration. transfer of decision-making and management authority for specific function to organizations. indirect control of the central government / ministries. legally accountable public corporations, regional planning and area development authorities, etc. transfer or creation of broad authority to plan and implement decision concerning specific activities within specific spatial boundaries.

Deregulation & Privatization Reduce the legal constraints on private participation in service provision or allows competition among private suppliers for service that in the past had been provided by government or by regulated monopolies. In recent years privatization and deregulation have become more attractive alternatives to government in developing countries. Local governments are also privatizing be contracting out service provision or administration. Privation and deregulation are usually. But not always accompanied by economic liberalization and market development policies.

Devolution the most extensive form of decentralization Implies divestment of functions by the central government and creating of new units of governance outside the control of central authority. It is the strongest form of a measure against centralization. It is irreversible and is complete decentralization. The subordinate officials obtain the legal authority to design and execute local developmental programmes and projects

Rationale of Decentralization rising demand for public goods & services shifting emphasis in development strategies widespread participation in planning & decision making preparation and implementation of projects in accordance with local needs base use of scarce resources more efficiently opportunities for co-ordination & co-operation among decision makers & local people improvement of socio-economic condition of the people involvement of people in the decision making process making the govt. officials accountable to peoples representatives bridging gap between people and administration

Condition for Successful Decentralization favorable political and administrative control strong political commitment and support from national leaders commitment of central bureaucracy to transfer authority local units organization factors conductive to decentralization appropriate allocation of planning and administrative functions concise and definite decentralization laws, regulations and directives behavioral and psychological supporting decentralization change attitude and behavior effective means of overcoming resistance resource condition required for decentralization transfer authority to obtain sufficient financial resources, equipment adequate financial infrastructure, transportation and communication

Advantages of Decentralization democratic participation improved management penetrate national policies to remote areas representation of various groups capacity building and developing local leadership utilization of local resources reduce cost and time access to basic social services closer contact between officials and local people ensure human development relieve central govt. from routine tasks expansion of economic activities

Challenges of Decentralization committed political leadership rigid control (institutional & financial) bureaucratic dominance distrust among parties involved lack of comprehensive planning change may not be acceptable election of local bodies are not proper problem of communication political stability / change of policy lack of coordination / dual instruction inadequate authority power

THANK YOU