Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic ROCKS!!! Sedimentary Igneous Metamorphic

WHAT IS A ROCK?? Any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally

There are 3 types of ROCKS Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

The Rock Cycle

Cycle -- continuous changes that repeat Rock Cycle – a cycle of minerals and rocks change into other minerals/rocks

Sedimentary Rocks Remember… COMPACTING and CEMENTING!

FORMATION Weathering Breaks down rocks into sediments (small pieces)

FORMATION Physical Weathering: Chemical Weathering Sleet, freezing rain Ice wedging Abrasion (example – sand storm) Tree roots Chemical Weathering Oxidation (causes rust in rocks that have iron in them) Acid rain

FORMATION Sediment -- Small pieces of minerals or organic matter (decayed dead organisms)

FORMATION Erosion Moves sediments from one place to another

FORMATION Deposition-Sediments carried by erosion are dropped or deposited

FORMATION Compaction – Squeezes sediments together Cementation – Dissolved minerals fill the spaces between sediments.

Sedimentary Rocks: Rock formed by compacting & cementing sediments.

CLASSIFICATION Sedimentary rocks are classified by size of particles!!! Clastic-Weathered pieces of sediments are compacted together

CLASSIFICATION Biochemical or Chemical Water dissolves or evaporates Minerals or organic matter become cemented together! Limestone Halite Coal Gypsum

Special Features Fossils Horizontal Layers Plants and animals Mud cracks, footprints

CLASTIC ROCKS Breccia Conglomerate

Sandstone Siltstone 0.2-0.006cm 0.006 –0.0004cm

CHEMICAL ROCKS Rock Gypsum Rock Salt

CHEMICAL ROCKS Dolostone

BIOCHEMICAL ROCKS Coal Limestone

FOSSILS

NYS Fossil- Eurypterid

Sedimentary Rocks in NYS Letchworth State Park Sandstone, Limestone, Shale

Watkins Glen Taughannock Falls Sandstone

Thatcher Park-Shale

Igneous Rocks “Fire Rocks” Remember…MELTED ROCK COOLING and HARDENING!

FORMATION Molten rock (hot, liquid rock) cools and hardens (crystallizes) Magma—Molten rock underground Lava—Molten rock outside the earth’s surface

FORMATION Intrusive – magma cools beneath Earth’s surface.

FORMATION Extrusive – lava cools on the Earth’s surface.

Texture Texture: The longer the cooling time, the larger the crystal size. Very coarse grained – very large crystals, cooled slowly Coarse grained-large crystals, cooled slowly Fine grained-small crystals, cooled quickly Glassy-very small crystals, cooled rapidly “If it cools slow, crystals will grow. If it cools fast, crystals won’t last. If it forms rapidly, no crystals for me.”

Texture “If it cools slow, crystals will grow. If it cools fast, crystals won’t last. If it forms rapidly, no crystals for me.”

Texture fine coarse Cooled QUICKLY Cooled SLOWLY

Texture Glassy Glassy Cooled RAPIDLY

Composition Porphyritic - large crystals surrounded by fine-grained material.

Composition Granite light-colored.

Composition Basalt dark in color

Composition Andesite-in between granite and basalt

Metamorphic Rocks Remember…HEAT and/or PRESSURE!

Metamorphic Rocks Pre-existing rock that has been changed by increased heat and/or pressure.

Formation - Formed by increased heat and pressure. Contact Metamorphism Regional metamorphism Plates collide, mountain building Hot magma moves into rock

Agents of Metamorphism Heat Pressure Pressure increases as you move deeper Increased pressure - minerals become more compressed and more dense Minerals may re-crystallize. New minerals may form Heat increases as you move deeper

Classified by Texture Foliated “banding” caused by mineral realignment when crystallizing.

EXAMPLES OF FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS SLATE PHYLLITE

EXAMPLES OF FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS SCHIST GNEISS

Classified by Texture Non-Foliated No banding – one mineral present Ex. Marble, quartzite

EXAMPLES OF NONFOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS ANTHRACITE COAL HORNFELS

EXAMPLES OF NONFOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS quartzite marble

EXAMPLES OF NONFOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS Metaconglomerate