Beyond LDL-C lowering: Distinct molecular sphingolipids are good indicators of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) deficiency Minna.

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Beyond LDL-C lowering: Distinct molecular sphingolipids are good indicators of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) deficiency Minna T. Jänis, Kirill Tarasov, Hung Xuan Ta, Matti Suoniemi, Kim Ekroos, Reini Hurme, Terho Lehtimäki, Hannu Päivä, Marcus E. Kleber, Winfried März, Annik Prat, Nabil G. Seidah, Reijo Laaksonen Atherosclerosis Volume 228, Issue 2, Pages 380-385 (June 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.03.029 Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Differences in lipid class median concentrations in plasma. Samples between the PCSK9−/− mice and wildtype and the PCSK9+/− and wildtype mice on regular chow diet (A) and western diet (B). The significance of a change is marked as *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, and ***p ≤ 0.001 for plasma samples (n ≥ 10). CE, cholesteryl ester; FC, free cholesterol; TAG, triacylglycerol; DAG, diacylglycerol; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PS, phosphatidylserine; PG, phosphatidylglycerol; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; LPE, lysophosphatidylethanolamine; PC O, alkyl-linked phosphatidylcholine; PC P, alkenyl-linked phosphatidylcholine; PE O, alkyl-linked phosphatidylethanolamine; PE P, alkenyl-linked phosphatidylethanolamine; SM, sphingomyelin; Cer, ceramide; Glc/GalCer, glucosyl/galactosylceramide; LacCer, lactosylceramide; SPH, sphingosine; S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate; SPA, sphinganine; SA1P, sphinganine-1-phosphate. Atherosclerosis 2013 228, 380-385DOI: (10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.03.029) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Percentage differences in molecular lipid median concentrations in plasma of PCSK9−/− mice on regular chow (A) and western (B) diet as compared to wildtype (WT). Atherosclerosis 2013 228, 380-385DOI: (10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.03.029) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 The percentage differences in molecular lipid median concentrations in serum of males (n = 22) who carry the R46L variant of the PCSK9 gene in comparison to the major allele carriers (n = 966). Each point corresponds to a lipid molecule. Atherosclerosis 2013 228, 380-385DOI: (10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.03.029) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd Terms and Conditions