Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Concept 18 The Use and Abuse of Tobacco Tobacco use is the number one cause of preventable disease and is associated with the leading causes of death in our culture. © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. McGraw-Hill Concept 18 2

Presentation Overview Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Presentation Overview Tobacco and Nicotine Health and Economic Costs Facts about Tobacco Usage Techniques for Quitting Discussion Activity 18-2 Concept 18

Chemistry of Cigarette Smoke Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Chemistry of Cigarette Smoke Gaseous Phase (CO) - Carbon monoxide released - Shortness of breath - Neonatal problems Particulate Phase - Nicotine (psychoactive drug - increases CHD risks) Photo: Creative Commons Flickr - Tar (increases cancer risks) Tobacco and its smoke contain over 400 noxious chemicals, including 200 known poisons and 50 carcinogens. 18-3 Concept 18 5

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Nicotine Addictive component of tobacco More addictive than heroin and alcohol When inhaled, reaches brain in 7 seconds Withdrawal effect Physical dependence 18-4 Photo: Creative Commons Flickr Concept 18

Smokeless Chewing Tobacco Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e Smokeless Chewing Tobacco McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Variety of forms Loose leaf Twist Plug Dip, chew, or chaw stays in the mouth for several hours Contains 7x more nicotine than cigarettes 18-5 Concept 18

Health Effects of Smoking Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Health Effects of Smoking Most preventable cause of death in our society 18-6 Photo: Creative Commons Flickr Concept 18 3

Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking Tobacco use affects all organs of the body, reducing the health of smokers Quitting smoking has immediate and long-term benefits Smoking cigarettes low in tar and nicotine provides no clear benefit to health # of diseases resulting from tobacco is much more extensive than previously thought 18-7 Concept 18

Health Effects of Smoking Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Health Effects of Smoking Increased risk of: Cancer Coronary heart disease Atherosclerosis Blood pressure Stroke Ulcers Emphysema Bronchitis Adds 9 years for those who quit at age 40 + 6 years (age 50) + 3 years (age 60) 18-8 Concept 18 4

Health Risks from Tobacco Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Health Risks from Tobacco The more you use the product (more doses), the greater the health risk Several factors determine the dosage # of cigarettes smoked Length of time one has been smoking Strength (amount of tar, nicotine, etc.) Depth of inhalation Amount of exposure to other lung-damaging substances (e.g., asbestos) 18-9 Concept 18

Do you know what a “chipper” is? Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Do you know what a “chipper” is? social smoker 18-10 Photo: Creative Commons Flickr Concept 18

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Cigar & Pipe Smokers Lower death rates, but still great risk Contains same harmful ingredients as cigarette smoke, sometimes in higher amounts Nicotine dependence Higher risks for cancer of the mouth, throat, and larynx 18-11 Photo: Creative Commons Flickr Concept 18

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Second-Hand Smoke Mainstream smoke Smoke that is inhaled and exhaled Sidestream smoke Unfiltered smoke from burning tip of cigarette Contains nicotine and 20-100x carcinogens as mainstream smoke 18-12 Concept 18 6

Dangers of Second-Hand Smoke Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e Dangers of Second-Hand Smoke McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Increased risk of: Early death Heart disease Lung cancer Emphysema Depression Women/children are especially susceptible to negative effects “Thirdhand” smoke 18-13 Concept 18 7

Trends in Adult Smoking Rates Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Trends in Adult Smoking Rates There have been drastic reductions in smoking since the 1950s but a sizable percent still smoke. 18-14 Concept 18

Global Public Health Threat Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Global Public Health Threat Higher smoking prevalence in Europe and China 18-15 Photo: Creative Commons Flickr Concept 18

Why Young People Start Using Tobacco Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Why Young People Start Using Tobacco Peer influence Social acceptance Desire to be “mature” Desire to be “independent” Desire to be like their role models Appealing advertisements (media) 18-16 Concept 18 11

Factors Contributing to the Declines in Smoking Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Factors Contributing to the Declines in Smoking Public policy Media campaigns Changing social norms 18-17 Concept 18

Facts about Quitting Smoking Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Facts about Quitting Smoking 30% of smokers try to quit each year 10% of the people who try to quit smoking are successful Increasing the price of cigarettes is the most successful method of reducing smoking in youth Some women begin smoking to control their weight – unable to quit due to fear of weight gain Addictive nature of nicotine makes it difficult to quit using tobacco 18-18 Concept 18 12

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Smoking is associated with increased risk for the use of both alcohol and illicit drugs. 18-19 Photo: Creative Commons Flickr Concept 18

Techniques to Quit Smoking Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Techniques to Quit Smoking Lab 18a information Stopping "cold turkey" Gradually decreasing number Using low nicotine cigarettes/nicotine gum Counseling / hypnosis Develop effective stress-management techniques Remove reminders and temptations Use substitutes and distractions 18-20 Concept 18 13

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Summary Tobacco is the #1 cause of preventable mortality Nicotine is the addictive component Second-hand smoke poses a significant health risk Public policy to reduce smoking Various techniques to quit smoking End of presentation 18-21 Concept 18

Supplemental Information Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Supplemental Information Lab Information Discussion Activity 18-22 Concept 18 Concept 18 22

Lab 18a Information Use and Abuse of Tobacco Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Lab 18a Information Use and Abuse of Tobacco Return to presentation Complete the tobacco use/exposure questionnaire (note: includes second-hand smoke) Discuss your personal risk rating Discuss how you feel about public laws designed to curtail tobacco use 18-23 Concept 18

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e Return to presentation McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Discussion Activity Why do people smoke even though they know it is not good for their health? 18-24 Concept 18