THE QUESTIONS—SKILLS ANALYSE EVALUATE INFER UNDERSTAND SUMMARISE You will be expected to answer questions which will test you ability to understand, analyse and evaluate the content of the text in some detail. You will also be asked to give broader answers which will test your ability to infer the author’s general intentions in certain areas of the text and to summarise some key ideas. The number of marks allocated to each question will be clearly marked which will help you to manage your time appropriately. / ˈan(ə)lʌɪz / verb 1. examine (something) methodically and in detail, typically in order to explain and interpret it.   EVALUATE / ɪ'valjʊeɪt / verb 1. form an idea of the amount, number, or value of; assess. INFER UNDERSTAND / ɪn'fəː / verb 1. deduce or conclude (something) from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements. / ʌndə'stand / verb 1. perceive the intended meaning of (words, a language, or a speaker). 2. interpret or view (something) in a particular way. SUMMARISE / ‘sʌmərʌɪz / verb 1. give a brief statement of the main points of (something).

THE QUESTIONS—TYPES Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them.   THE QUESTIONS—TYPES Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions. 

THE QUESTIONS—TYPES Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.   THE QUESTIONS—TYPES Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions. 

UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS   Explain in your own words… What is the meaning of…? How does the context help you work it out? Why did the writer’s mother… In your opinion who is…? Give a reason for your answer. What does the expression ‘…’ tell you about the writer’s frame of mind? With this type of question the examiner is looking for you to show not only that you understand the words, phrases and expressions used in the passage but also your ability to express them in your own words. BE AWARE if you use sections or words from the passage in your answer you are avoiding using the skill being tested and you will get no marks!   THE QUESTIONS—TYPES Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions. 

UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS Use your own words unless you are specifically asked to use a quotation. Don’t attempt to translate the phrases or expressions word for word instead attempt to explain the ideas in another way. Write in bullet points and make as many points as there are marks. If asked to ‘summarise’ be concise but clear. Don’t re-write a quotation from the question – total waste of time. Remember that an expression is not a whole sentence. THE QUESTIONS—TYPES Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions. 

UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS ‘Total-immersion courses based in Italian families are seen by some as a valid alternative to college studies.’ Step one: highlight/underline the important words or phrases Step two: work on finding a new way to say these things, this might mean reshaping the sentence entirely. THE QUESTIONS—TYPES Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions. 

UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS ‘Total-immersion courses based in Italian families are seen by some as a valid alternative to college studies.’ Some people believe that living full time with an Italian family is just as successful as studying Italian at college. There are those who think that sharing life with an Italian family will benefit you as much as learning Italian in a more academic setting. THE QUESTIONS—TYPES Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions. 

ANALYSIS QUESTIONS THE QUESTIONS—TYPES   Analysis questions can often be identified by the frequent use of the word HOW: Comment on how the writer’s use of imagery shows… How does the writer convey his fear of…? Suggest how the writer shows her disapproval of…    But be careful! Analysis questions can be expressed in other ways: Explain fully the appropriateness of the word… Quote an expression from the first sentence which… Comment on the effectiveness of the sentence structure… Identify and briefly explain the writer’s use of… These questions are testing your ability to analyse how writers make their effects on readers. These questions demand a little more from you and many will carry more than two marks to reflect this.   THE QUESTIONS—TYPES Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions. 

ANALYSIS QUESTIONS LOCATE relevant words or phrases from the text for your answer – highlighting these is a good idea. IDENTIFY aspects of style at work: for example, simile, use of lists, alliteration, etc. EXPLAIN in your own words the effect this item is having on the readers. THE QUESTIONS—TYPES Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions. 

EVALUATION QUESTIONS THE QUESTIONS—TYPES   Evaluation questions vary in their wording: Show how an aspect of…conveys the writers sense of… Refer to an example of word choice or imagery. Explain why the writer’s use of…is effective in advancing his point. Explain why the expression…effectively illustrates our relationship with… Why is it appropriate to introduce…with the expression…? Identify by example a technique used to convey…and comment on its effectiveness. These questions usually come towards the end of the series of questions. The reason for this is that some of the work you have already done in analysis questions might be useful here. HOWEVER, be careful! You cant just repeat what you’ve already said. You need to take it further and give your own opinion on how well the writer has used a technique.   THE QUESTIONS—TYPES Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions. 

ANALYSIS QUESTIONS DO NOT WAFFLE – generalised waffling on is not worth credit. LOCATE certain items from the text (highlight) IDENTIFY aspects of style at work, for example simile, personification, anecdote, ironic tone, word choice. EXPLAIN in your own words the effect this item is having on readers. EVALUATE in your own words the effectiveness of this item in getting the writers point across. THE QUESTIONS—TYPES Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.  Understanding Questions These are by far the most straightforward questions to answer they mean just what they say: they test your grasp of what the piece is all about and probe your understand of certain items of vocabulary; you may also be asked to suggest why certain comments are made. Being able to paraphrase ideas and expressions from the text is of prime importance. Analysis Questions These a bit more demanding here you need to look at how a writer created a certain effect by identifying how certain techniques and words or phrases are used to create that effect. Here you will need to quote certain items from the text, identify the technique at work and suggest what its effect on the reader is. Evaluation Questions These ask for your opinion of how well you think something has been said to do this you will need to find items of evidence to back up your assessment: a particular successful simile, for instance, or a striking contrast in the choice of words which will form the basis of your comment. You may well have commented on these already in an analysis question but now you need to develop your own take on them. Inference Questions These have element s in common with understanding question you need to understand what is being said not just directly but indirectly too. You could call this ‘reading between the lines’. Your ability to work this out and express your deductions in your own words tells the examiner that you are alert and reading subtle signs from the writer and are capable of responding accordingly. Summary Questions These demand and ability to take an indicated stretch of text and to extract from it only the key points. These you will need to express in your own words. Again, your understanding may be tested but given the higher marks usually involved your answer may need to be more extended than understanding questions.