Drop-out in Living Lab Field Tests: A Contribution to the Definition and Taxonomy A. Habibipour Luleå University of Technology, Sweden – Botnia Living Lab A. Georges imec-mict-Ghent University, Belgium – imec.livinglabs D. Schuurman imec-mict-Ghent University, Belgium – imec.livinglabs B. Bergvall-Kåreborn Luleå University of Technology, Sweden – Botnia Living Lab

Problem statement of drop-out in living lab field tests Limited knowledge on drop-out definition and types of drop-out in Living Lab field tests Reasons why drop-out occurs within Living Lab field tests

Research aims and objectives Limited knowledge on drop-out definition and types of drop-out in Living Lab field tests Reasons why drop-out occurs within Living Lab field tests Definition Types Taxonomy

Research design Article 1: Literature review of 44 articles  29 items Article 2: Three field tests in imec living lab  27 items Article 3: One field test in Botnia living lab  15 items  Total 71 items Eliminating redundant items  53 Semi-structured interviews with 14 field test experts Identify 13 additional items  66 (53 + 13) Definition Types Classification of 66 items in categories 1 2 Taxonomy 3

Definition of drop-out in living lab field test “A drop-out during a living lab field test is when someone who signed up to participate in the field test, does not complete all the assigned tasks within the specified deadline”

Types of drop-out in living lab field tests Participant-related drop-out Participants only participate in the startup of the field test but they have not started to test that innovation Innovation-related drop-out Participants stop using the innovation because of motivational or technical reasons related to the innovation Research-related drop-out Participants stop participating in the research component of the field test, you don't get feedback anymore from them

Taxonomy for drop-out in Living lab field tests Technological problems (4) Task design (4) Perceived usefulness (5) Interaction (10) Research- related Drop- out Innovation- related Timing (2) Perceived ease of use (4) Participant- related Participants’ attitude (10) Personal context (1) Participants’ resources (4)

Conclusion & future research Output: Definition, types of drop-out and taxonomy Create awareness and knowledge on drop-out Future research Practical guidelines for the organizers on how to reduce the drop-out in a living lab field test Questionnaire as quantitative validation of taxonomy How to re-engage the dropped out participants in a living lab field test?

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