IB Psych 10/05/17 Today’s Agenda: HW: CRA 2.4 SAQ Practice—due Monday Turn in: Nothing Take out : Planner Writing Implement Notes… Learning Outcomes Chart Today’s Learning Objectives: I can describe the areas and function of the brain. Today’s Agenda: Neurotransmission Principles of the BLOA (Bio Approach) HW: CRA 2.4 SAQ Practice—due Monday

DRAW THE STRUCTURE BELOW IN YOUR NOTES. TRACE THE PATHWAY USING ARROWS WITH A DIFFERENT COLOR PEN/CIL AS WE FOLLOW…

How do neurons work? Neurology illustrated: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVo04B0_5R4 Neurons and how they work: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FR4S1BqdFG4&feature=related Action potentials! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifD1YG07fB8&feature=related until :20  Brain scans and synapses https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvXuq9jRWKE

Quick Review What are nerve cells called? What are the main parts of a nerve cell (neuron) IN ORDER? How do “messages” travel? TRUE OR FALSE: the axon terminals of one neuron touch the dendrites of the next neuron when transmitting a message/signal What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

Quick Review How many hemispheres are there in the brain? What is the “little brain” really called? What is the bundle of fibers called that connects the 2 hemispheres?

BEHAVIOR Does evolution play a role in behavior? WHAT IS THE NATURE VS. NURTURE DEBATE? Nature: human behavior is the result of biological factors Nurture: human behavior is the result of environmental factors

Today’s Objective… Learning Outcome: Outline the principles of the Biological Level of Analysis (LOA) Success Criteria: Students will demonstrate mastery of principles and supporting research on upcoming evidence.

What are they?….Look them up in your NOTES…You tell ME! Principles of the BLOA What are they?….Look them up in your NOTES…You tell ME! Not in your notes??? They should be…perhaps look in your book!

3 Principles of the BLOA 1. Animal research may inform our understanding of human behavior 2. Behavior is the product of the interaction of our physiology (and the environment…) they CORRELATE 3. Behavior can be inherited (and innate) because it is genetic.

Animal research may inform our understanding of human behavior Principles of the BLOA PRINCIPLE #1 Animal research may inform our understanding of human behavior Meany, et al. (1988) Rosenzweig, Bennet, and Diamond (1972)

Principle #1: Animal research can provide insight into human behavior. Why study animals? What do we use them to study? What ethical problems can we face by studying animals? For more info, visit… http://www.apa.org/science/leadership/care/guidelines.aspx http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/animals/using/experiments_1.shtml

Principle #1: Animal research can provide insight into human behavior. Animal experiments are widely used to develop new medicines and to test the safety of other products Risk/Benefit? Many experiments cause pain to the animals or reduce the quality of life in other ways

Principle #1: Animal research can provide insight into human behavior. PRO-ANIMAL TESTING ANTI-ANIMAL TESTING Experimenting on animals is acceptable if (and only if): Suffering is minimized in all experiments Human benefits are gained which could not be obtained by using other methods Experimenting on animals is always unacceptable because: It causes suffering to animals The benefits to human beings are not proven Any benefits to human beings that animal testing does not provide could be produced in other ways

The Vacanti Mouse: Ethical or not? The Vacanti mouse was a mouse that was genetically altered to have a abnormally strong immune system, and it was bred to be hairless.

SAQ PRACTICE Choose One 1. Outline principles that define the biological level of analysis. [8 marks] 2. Explain how principles that define the biological level of analysis may be demonstrated in research. [8 marks]

Principles of the BLOA PRINCIPLE #2 Behavior is the product of the interaction of our physiology and the environment

Principle #2: There are biological correlates of behavior Implies that it should be possible to find a link between a specific biological factor (ex: hormone or neurotransmitter) and a specific behavior THIS IS THE AIM OF RESEARCHERS IN THIS LOA EX: Acetylcholine Too much: Parkinson’s Not enough: Alzheimer’s

Is lack of sleep making me fat? Principle #2 Is lack of sleep making me fat? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxezLHDECUo Examples of neurotransmitters & hormones that are in charge of really important things: Acetylcholine Dopamine Serotonin Growth Hormone Leptin Ghrelin

Principles of the BLOA PRINCIPLE #3 Behavior can be inherited (and innate) because it is genetic What does “innate” mean?

Principle #3: Behavior can be inherited because it is genetic TWIN STUDIES Why study twins? What are Monozygotic twins? Dizygotic twins? Diathesis-Stress Model Genetic predisposition (diathesis) to develop a disorder that MAY OR MAY NOT be brought out by the environment (stress)

Principle #3: Behavior can be innate because it is genetically based Twins separated at birth