PARASITOIDS AND PHEROMONES

Parasitoid An organism that lives in or on the body of its host, at least during a part of its lifecycle Kill & consume less than or equal to one victim in order to complete development Parasitized aphids Healthy aphids

Types of Parasitoids Endoparasitoid Ectoparasitoid

Endoparasitoid Develops inside the host Associated with hosts in both concealed and exposed sites

Ectoparasitoid Develops outside of host Typically associated with hosts in “protected” sites (I.e., tunnels, leafmines, rolled leaves)

Pathogens Viruses Bacteria Fungi

Pathogens Process: Examples: Adhesion of spore to host cuticle Spore germination Penetration of the cuticle Growth in hemocoel Insect death Examples: Beauveria bassiana Metarhizium anisopliae This is a cabbage white butterfly with the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis

What is a Pheromone? ”defined chemical signal between members of the same species, eliciting a particular behavior or physiological change...”

Broader Definition: Pheromones ”any chemical signal conveying information between members of the same species” Recognition of Individuals or Kin: Differences between signals essential

Pheromones Health and Fitness Mate Choice/ Sexual Selection Mate Selection to Avoid Incest/Genetic Relatedness Sexual Maturation Successful Fertilization (Aquatic Animals) Kin Recognition Caste and Reproductive Status (Social Animals) Menstrual Synchrony Maternal-Infant Bonding Infant Suckling—Nipple Recognition Dominance Hierarchy Aggression Territory and Trail Marking Deception (Plant->Animal) Deception (Animal->Animal) Aggregation Intruder Alarm

Semiochemicals: Infochemicals Pheromones (Communcation within species) Both Sender + Receiver benefit Allelochemicals: Between species Synomones: Both Sender + Receiver Benefit Kairomones: Receiver Benefits (Sender does not) Allomones: Sender Benefits (Receiver does not)

Primer Pheromones Wyatt Book

Evolution of Pheromones Wyatt Book

Pheromones – Odour Imprinting Wyatt Book