From: Social enviroment influences aphid production of alarm pheromone

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From: Social enviroment influences aphid production of alarm pheromone Figure 1 Push–pull system used to expose individual aphids to odor produced in the headspace of a conspecific aphid colony. From: Social enviroment influences aphid production of alarm pheromone Behav Ecol. 2009;20(2):283-288. doi:10.1093/beheco/arp009 Behav Ecol | © The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

From: Social enviroment influences aphid production of alarm pheromone Figure 2 Eβf content of individual Acyrthosiphon pisum D26 clone according to different social environments. Averages with different letters are significantly different (ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, P < 0.05). From: Social enviroment influences aphid production of alarm pheromone Behav Ecol. 2009;20(2):283-288. doi:10.1093/beheco/arp009 Behav Ecol | © The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

From: Social enviroment influences aphid production of alarm pheromone Figure 3 Eβf content of individual Acyrthosiphon pisum green clone. Three environmental conditions were tested: A. pisum reared in a colony of conspecifics (N = 17), A. pisum reared individually (N = 17), and A. pisum reared individually with air connection to a conspecific colony (N = 17). Averages with different letters are significantly different (ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, P < 0.05). From: Social enviroment influences aphid production of alarm pheromone Behav Ecol. 2009;20(2):283-288. doi:10.1093/beheco/arp009 Behav Ecol | © The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

From: Social enviroment influences aphid production of alarm pheromone Figure 4 Durations of Episyrphus balteatus behavioral responses (N = 16, mean durations ± standard error) to the dual choice between plants infested, respectively, by a colony of aphids that had been reared in isolation and a control aphid colony. The star indicates that both means were significantly different from each other (paired t-test, P < 0.05). From: Social enviroment influences aphid production of alarm pheromone Behav Ecol. 2009;20(2):283-288. doi:10.1093/beheco/arp009 Behav Ecol | © The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org