Reptile & Bird Jeopardy General Reptilia & Dinosaurs Testudines & Sphenodontia Squamata Crocodilia General Aves 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 Final Jeopardy

2 What two adaptations allowed reptiles to completely free themselves from living in water during certain stages of their lifecycles?

Scales and the amniotic egg 3 Scales and the amniotic egg

Compare and contrast lepidosaurs and archosaurs. 4 Compare and contrast lepidosaurs and archosaurs.

Compare: Both are Diapsids 5 Compare: Both are Diapsids Contrast: Lepidosaurs have overlapping scales and include lizards, snakes, tuataras, etc… Archosaurs have non-overlapping scales and include dinosaurs, birds, and crocs

6 What are the two main groups of dinosaurs and what is the basis for the distinction between the two groups?

Saurischians & Ornithischians Based on the orientation of the hips 7 Saurischians & Ornithischians Based on the orientation of the hips

8 Compare & contrast sauropods vs. theropods on the basis of body shape, diet, and their relationship to birds

9 Sauropods – giant quadrapedal herbivores with long necks and small heads Theropods – large bipedal carnivores with relatively large heads. A small branch of theropods evolved into the birds (Archaeopteryx)

10 What killed the dinosaurs, how long ago did it occur, where did it occur, what is the name of the extinction event, and what evidence of this event exists today?

Where – Yucatan Peninsula Name – K-T Extinction Event 11 What – An asteroid When – 65 mya Where – Yucatan Peninsula Name – K-T Extinction Event Evidence – Crater can be seen by satellite and rare asteroid element can be found around the world in 65 my old rock

What is the name of the top and bottom pieces of a turtle shell? 12 What is the name of the top and bottom pieces of a turtle shell?

13 Top – Carapace Bottom - Plastron

14 What is the common name of the only member of Order Sphenodontia and what are three characteristics of the animal that lead one to conclude that it is not a lizard?

No external ear openings A parietal third eye that senses heat 15 The tuatara Two rows of upper teeth No external ear openings A parietal third eye that senses heat

16 Daily Double

17 Ichthyosaur Gavial Tuatara Pterosaur

18 Distinguish between the four types of turtles on the basis of habitat and feet: Turtles/Sliders Terrapins Sea Turtles Tortoises

19 Turtles/Sliders –freshwater turtles & webbed feet Terrapins – brackish water turtles & webbed feet Sea Turtles – marine turtles & flippers Tortoises – land turtles & stubby feet

20 What three types of skulls are found in amniotes and what groups of animals possess each type of skull?

Diapsids – Birds, Dinos, & Other Modern Reptiles 21 Anapsids – Turtles Synapsids – Mammals Diapsids – Birds, Dinos, & Other Modern Reptiles

What type of organisms are in each suborder? 22 The Order Squamata is broken down into three suborders: Lacertilia, Serpentes, & Amphisbaena What type of organisms are in each suborder?

Amphisbaena - Worm Lizards 23 Lacertilia - Lizards Serpentes - Snakes Amphisbaena - Worm Lizards

24 By what rhyme can one tell the difference between the beneficial king snake and the harmful coral snake?

Red on black is good for Jack Red on yellow will kill a fellow 25 Red on black is good for Jack Red on yellow will kill a fellow

26 Name the type of lizards that reside in each of the following Infraorders: Platynota Diploglossa Scincomorpha Iguania Gekkota

27 Platynota – Komodo dragons, Gila monsters, & Monitor lizards Diploglossa – Glass lizards Scincomorpha – Skinks Iguania – Iguanas, chameleons, & anoles Gekkota – Geckos

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30 Name the four types of snakes, describe how each type is different, and provide an example of a snake in each group

Constrictors – No fangs (pythons) 31 Constrictors – No fangs (pythons) Colubrids – Rear-fanged with weak venom (boomslangs) Elapids – Short, non-hinged fangs with neurotoxic venom (cobras) Vipers – Long, hinged fangs with hemotoxic venom (rattlesnakes)

What is temperature-dependent sex determination? 32 What is temperature-dependent sex determination?

33 The temperature of the eggs will determine the sex of the resulting baby

34 Where are the only two places in the world where one can find alligators?

Southeastern US and the Yangtze River in China 35 Southeastern US and the Yangtze River in China

36 Why do crocodiles have a wider distribution than alligators, gavials, or caimans?

37 Crocodiles can tolerate higher amounts of salt in their water and were thus able to transverse large areas of the ocean to get to many places around the world.

Define the following terms: 38 Define the following terms: Nictitating Membrane Tympanic Membrane Tapetum Lucidum

Tympanic Membrane – Eardrum Nictitating membrane – A protective cover over the eye that allows the animal to see underwater Tympanic Membrane – Eardrum Tapetum lucidum – A reflective layer beneath the eye that enhances night vision and also causes the eyes to glow in the dark 39

40 DAILY DOUBLE DAILY DOUBLE

41 Crocodile Mosasaur Elapid Plesiosaur

What is the difference between Altricial and Precocial chicks? 42 What is the difference between Altricial and Precocial chicks?

37 Altricial – Born featherless & blind. Develop into smarter birds like the carnivores and passerines Precocial – Born with feathers & sight. Common in herbivorous, non-passerine birds

44 Sexual selection and natural selection are often at odds with each other. What does this statement mean?

45 Sexual selection may cause an animal to develop features or attributes that only enhance its attractiveness to the opposite sex. However these features may cause the organism to be less able to find food or avoid predation.

Describe the purpose of the following 5 types of feathers: 46 Describe the purpose of the following 5 types of feathers: Tail/Wing Semiplume Filoplume Bristle Downy

Tail/Wing – flying & soaring Semiplume – covers the back & breast 47 Tail/Wing – flying & soaring Semiplume – covers the back & breast Filoplume – connected to nerve endings Bristle – borders the eyes & beak Downy – provides insulation

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50 How does the airfoil design of a wing allow it to achieve aerodynamic lift?

51 The air molecules have to travel a greater distance above the wing than below & thus travel faster. This causes the molecules to spread out leaving a low pressure zone above the wing. The molecules below have to travel a shorter distance and move more slowly and pack tighter as a result. The relative high pressure below the wing then pushes upwards creating lift

52 FINAL JEOPARDY Label a complete amniotic egg. Define the function of each part as well.         

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