Rise and Fall of Napoleon’s Empire Notes: Classwork: Crash Course: French Rev. Quiz: Chapter 23 Thurs/Fri

NAPOLEON CREATES AN EMPIRE New World Territories gives up colonies in W Hemisphere [Haiti and US] - turned all focus to Europe

Conquering Europe controlled parts of Austrian Netherlands, Italy, and Switzerland expanded empire through defeats of Austria and Prussia largest empire since Romans

II. NAPOLEON EMPIRE COLLAPSES Continental System blockade to stop trade b/t GB and rest of Europe - goal: make Europe more self-sufficient  weaken dependence on GB many ignored blockade  still traded w/ GB GB made own blockade w/ stronger navy  more successful

Peninsular War wanted control of Portugal to weaken GB invaded Spain nationalistic Sp. peasants used guerilla warfare to resist Fr - 300,000 Fr. men killed inspired Germans and Italians to turn on Nap. [foreign oppressor]

C. Invasion of Russia angry over trade w/ GB led 420,000 troops towards Moscow Rus. followed scorched-earth policy during retreat - burned all food  starvation for Nap.’s army Czar Alexander burned Moscow to keep Nap. from taking it Nap. retreated  only 10,000 survived - snow and sub-zero temperatures - Rus. army raided and attacked

III. NAPOLEON’S DOWNFALL Coalition Defeats Nap. w/in a few months constructed new army [inexperienced] European countries allied against Fr. - Nap. surrendered against own will  exiled by GB to island off coast of Italy

Hundred Days King Louis XIII takes throne opposed by citizens  feared return to pre-rev Nap. escaped and returned  regained throne Nap’s troops vs. British troops at Waterloo Prussian army joined British  Fr retreat Nap. exiled to island in S. Atlantic Ocean - died 6 years later

IV. Outcome of Rev Failures elected, popular gov’t never achieved autocratic rule: dictatorship  monarchy deaths and terror Successes monarchs in Europe no longer “all-powerful” greater popular participation - citizens more voice in gov’t