The French and Indian War, a. k The French and Indian War, a.k.a “Seven Years War” “Crash Course” (1754 – 1763) The Birth of American Resistance to British rule “The War That Made America” Blue: Great Britain, Prussia, Portugal, with allies Green: France, Spain, Austria, Russia, Sweden with allies

France’s Empire -French areas of colonization -St. Lawrence River Valley, -Quebec, - Great Lakes, -Louisiana -Interest in trading not colonizing -better relationship with Indians -English colonists want to expand into Ohio River Valley

France’s Empire -Indians resist and ally with French -Old rivalry with Britain -multiple wars fought between French and English in past centuries -1754 conflict ignites again as French begin building forts near Virginia border

22 year-old officer in the Virginia militia George Washington Portrait of George Washington – Charles Willson Peale The earliest authenticated portrait of George Washington shows him wearing his colonel's uniform of the Virginia Regiment from the French and Indian War. 22 year-old officer in the Virginia militia Sent to defend Fort Necessity (near present-day Pittsburg, PA) Lost Battle of Fort Necessity – forced to surrender and return to VA in disgrace Got to witness 1st hand, the incompetence / weaknesses of British Army; would help him strategize to defeat the British in Rev. War.

French and Indian War -Albany Plan of Union 8 colonies debate forming central government “Join or Die” – Benjamin Franklin in Poor Richard’s Almanac – the 1st political cartoon Proposed a central govt. with power to tax and raise army for “common defense” against French and Indians Plan rejected over issue of taxation Set precedent for future Continental Congress formed to unify colonies against Britain

-Virginia Gov’t sends George Washington led militia against the French French and Indian War Portrait of George Washington – Charles Willson Peale The earliest authenticated portrait of George Washington shows him wearing his colonel's uniform of the Virginia Regiment from the French and Indian War. -Virginia Gov’t sends George Washington led militia against the French Washington lost Battle of Fort Necessity – forced to surrender and return to VA in disgrace -The French and Indian allies won many early battles Battle of Fort Duquesne - Victory at Quebec finally gave the British control of the region turning point of the conflict

Battle of Fort Duquesne, 1755 back

French and Indian War Treaty of Paris of 1763 France lost all lands in America Britain gains Canada; French settlement of Montreal and Quebec remain French today Spain ceded Florida to Britain; received French land west of Miss. River (Louisiana) in return for Fla.

Problems after the War War left British govt. in huge debt Indians in the Ohio Valley revolt against British forts and American settlers conflicts were becoming costly for Britain Proclamation of 1763 stated that colonists could not cross the Appalachian Mtns. Colonists ignored the law and continued to provoke Indians Ended Period of Salutary Neglect

Opposing Views of British and Americans British views Low opinion of colonial military effort Poorly trained “Disorderly rabble” Colonies didn’t do their fair share Some colonies refused to contribute troops or money for war effort Proclamation of 1763 was necessary Protection of colonial empire Inability to pay for troops to protect settlers Forced colonists to pay for protection in frontier American views Proud of military contributions Gained confidence they could defend themselves Unimpressed with British troops or leadership “Old” methods of warfare were outdated and not suited for densely wooded terrain Americans learned British weaknesses and vulnerabilities Proclamation of 1763 began string of violations of colonial liberties and tradition of representative government Americans had fought and died for right to settle in west American defiance set tone for revolutionary resistence

DBQ Warm-up Albany Plan for Union What do each of the 8 segments of the snake represent? Name them. What do the image of the sliced snake and the words “Join, or Die” mean? What is the intent of the artist in drawing this picture? What is historically significant about this political cartoon? back