BELLWORK: November 14th In 1337, Europe will break out into another conflict – the Hundred Years’ War. Read about this conflict on pages 295-296 and answer the following questions: List the problems that occurred in the Late Middle Ages. Summarize what England and France were fighting over. What was different about the fighting during this war compared to conflicts prior? List two things! (ex: army, size, weapons, tactics) Who was Joan of Arc? How did she contribute to the conflict? What was the outcome of the war? THINKER: In your opinion, what did this war mean for the monarchs? How did this conflict show the increasing power of monarchs?

Upcoming Events in History…. Online textbook access! Tuesday: Finish Medieval Europe & transition to Medieval China/Mongols BLOCK #2: Mesoamerican Empires Friday: Review Medieval Asia and Mesoamerica Monday 11/20: Study guide work and review Tuesday 11/21 (pds. 2/3) & Wednesday 11/22 (pd. 6): Unit 2 Exam Extended-response question & multiple choice Study guide due Late/missing work due!

Hundred Years War History frame!

From one war to the next…… Political power gradually shifted from feudal nobles to kings Influence of the clergy and nobles diminished Despite the strengthening of monarchy and central government, territory disputes continued to spark conflict throughout Europe. To learn more about one important dispute, you will complete a History Frame for notes on the Hundred Years’ War. A history frame is a strategy of organizing a historical event in a visual way….. Like a storyboard!

Causes/ Background Struggle for power! Problems began over territory in Northern France that was owned by England. France wanted it! In 1337, the King of France Philip VI seized control  English King Edward III declared war!

The Hundred Years’ War 1337-1453 Early battles: England won early battles because they relied on peasants who were paid to be soldiers, military superiority (archers) and French disorder. Battle of Orleans: As a result of Joan of Arc, the French ended the British siege of Orleans and maintained control of territory; turning point!

Role of Joan of Arc Joan of Arc: using “divine guidance,” she led a French army and ended the English siege of Orleans. Joan later became a prisoner of the English and was burned to her death. Inspired by Joan’s courage, the French rallied and drove the English out. England no longer held any French territory.

Effects of Hundred Years’ War National unity in both France and England Solidified end of Feudalism New technology of fighting Monarchs replaced feudal soldiers with actual national armies Europe went through a period of revival (Renaissance!)

Collapse of Chinese dynasties and rise of Mongols! Medieval China Collapse of Chinese dynasties and rise of Mongols!

Chinese Dynasties Ancient China Medieval China

Medieval China Medieval China was characterized by dynastic rule, trade, inventions, and traditions. Sui Tang Song

Sui dynasty (581-617) Restored China Grand Canal

Tang dynasty (618-906) Military Expansion Inventions Silk Road Spread Confucianism

Song dynasty (960-1279) Artistic achievements Porcelain Poetry (religious themes)

What were the reasons for the collapse of the three dynasties? Both the Sui and Tang dynasties collapsed due to internal rebellions. The Song dynasty was overthrown by the Mongols. When the Mongols take over in 1280, they establish their own dynasty – the Yuan Dynasty. They will rule China for the next 80 years and create the largest empire in world history!!!

Introduction to the Mongols The Mongols were clans of nomads in northern Asia who subsisted by raising livestock. They traveled and fought on horseback.  In the early 1200s, Genghis Khan unified the Mongols and conquered much of Asia. After his death, empire was divided into regions called khanates.  A grandson of Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, completed the conquest of China and established the Yuan dynasty. 

Have you ever seen Genghis Khan or a Mongol warrior depicted in a movie or television show? How was he portrayed?

Kublai Khan (1215-1294) completed the Mongols’ conquest of China Kublai Khan (1215-1294) completed the Mongols’ conquest of China. A grandson of Genghis Khan, he established the Yuan dynasty, which would rule China until 1368.

The Mongol Empire c. 1294 C. E.

Why were the Mongol rulers successful in ruling China? Mongol rulers adapted to Chinese politics and culture. They brought stability and prosperity through a strong military and economic state. There were several reasons why the Mongols were successful – all can be divided into political, military, economic, and cultural reasons. To learn more about these reasons for success, read pgs. 255-259 and finish the yellow worksheet! Due tomorrow!

Impact of the Silk Road Merchants carried their religions with them as well as technological ideas. The Silk Road provided a reliable land route for merchants and caravans to traverse between long distances.  Facilitated the exchange of goods, technology, religion, etc.

Genghis Khan united the Mongols, who then turned their energies outward in successful conquest due to unique mounted and ranged tactics. After the death of Genghis Khan the vast empire was divided among his heirs, with each son or grandson ruling a separate territory, called a khanate. The death of Genghis Khan distracted the empire until a new heir or heirs were found. While the Mongol invasions continued, the empire was no longer unified, and individual khanates were not as strong as the united empire had been.

Using the map and your text to answer: Why were the Mongols’ famous military tactics not successful in Southeast Asia and Japan?

Islands such as Java, Sumatra, and Japan could be reached only by ships. Tactics such as cavalry charges and siege warfare were not effective in regions that were mountainous or heavily forested.

Europeans probably could not believe that the Mongols--known for their brutality--were as advanced as the people of European cultures. The Mongol rulers increased trade, especially along the Silk Road, by bringing the entire Eurasian landmass under a single rule. This opened up the empire to visits from foreigners such as Marco Polo.  Why do you think Marco Polo's descriptions of the wonders of China seemed unbelievable to many Europeans?

Marco Polo and the Silk Road Video (TE Resource)

The Mongols During the 1100’s, the Mongols became the dominant nomadic group in central Asia. Mongolia: steppe, pastures, isolated At first, Mongols were divided into separate clans until 1206 when Temujin organized them under one government. Military leadership was based on skill - expert fighters on horseback, used bow and arrow, & organized men into cavalry units As a result of his success, Temujin was recognized as khan (absolute ruler) and renamed Genghis Khan (universal ruler) Goal was to create a large empire & conquer others

The Mongols

Still celebrated in Mongolia Burial ground; statue 131 feet! Genghis Khan Died in 1227 Still celebrated in Mongolia Burial ground; statue 131 feet!

Mongols Crash Course Positives Negatives https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szxPar0BcMo