Ms, Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY The Congress of Vienna Ms, Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

Europe in 1812 Napoleon ruled 1799-1814

The Congress of Vienna (September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)

Coin Commemorating the Opening of the Congress of Vienna

Key Players at Vienna Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.) Tsar Alexander I (Rus.) The “Host” Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.) King Frederick William III (Prus.) Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr.)

Main Objectives 1st- Establish a new balance of power in Europe, which would: prevent imperialism within Europe, such as the Napoleonic empire maintain the peace between the great powers. 2nd- Prevent political revolutions, such as the French Revolution, and maintain the status quo.

The Congress Achieved: A fair policy of no great rewards and no great punishments A balanced settlement which ensured no major conflict for forty years (the Crimean War, 1854-6) and then until 1914 was still generous to the defeated France, so as not to give rise to French feelings of revenge adopted a policy to restore the status quo ante bellum [the situation as it was before the war] — a return to 1793 as far as possible. restored monarchies across Europe ignored demands for greater democracy and nationalism; this led to the majority of conflicts in the Nineteenth Century, between and within countries

While efforts to restore monarchies seemed fair in the short term, this opposed the gathering forces that modernization and the industrial revolution would bring with it.

Dual Revolutions The Industrial Revolution, a fundamental change in economic circumstances which caused profound political and social change. 2. Political revolutions which involve one or a combination of both of the following: LIBERALISM, the drive to achieve equality of opportunity which motivated the revolutionary leadership in the English, American, and French Revolutions. NATIONALISM, meaning the drive to achieve national unity, replacing systems of the old regime with systems of government based on mass support by people from all classes of the society. The ruler/subject relationship was to be replaced by the citizen relationship.

Changes Made at Vienna (1) France was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoléon. Russia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland). Strong border states were created around France: The Netherlands, The Rhine region, Northern Italy A Germanic Confederation of 30+ states (including Prussia) was created from the previous 300, under Austrian rule. Outlawed Atlantic Slave Trade

Implications of the Congress The confederation of German states and the re-division of Italy led to unification The buffer state of the Netherlands did not last long. The Belgians removed Dutch control over their country in 1830. Britain became THE European colonial power, even though they got no land on mainland Europe Liberalism and nationalism in Europe was halted, temporarily. It was not crushed Russia gained Poland and Finland and entered western Europe as a major power and from 1815 onwards played a regular and important part in European diplomacy. This Congress established a “Congress System” where diplomats tried to use a gentleman’s agreement to achieve peace. This was the first sign of international cooperation.

Europe After the Congress of Vienna

Europe in 1812 Napoleon ruled 1799-1814

Crash Course Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTTvKwCylFY&list=PLD5zHL352dbZA6CX3HdlvFYYglinXHpri

What was the legacy of the Congress of Vienna?