CE 3372 Water Systems Design Lecture 003: Drawings, maps, reports

Outline Drawings Water Distribution Storm Drain Wastewater Collection Maps Making Topographic Maps QuickGrid AutoCAD Reports

Water System Plans are communicated in drawings as well as reports Engineering DRAWINGS Water System Plans are communicated in drawings as well as reports The general notes and detail notes are important parts of the drawings Look at 3 Examples: Water Distribution Sanitary Collection Storm Drain

Water Distribution Examine the water line plan and profile WaterLinePlanProfile.PDF [Make a hyperlink]

Sanitary Sewer Collection Examine the sanitary sewer plan and profile SanitarySewerPlanProfile.PDF

Stormwater Collection Examine the storm water plan and profile StormSewerPlanProfile.PDF

MAPS Navigational Maps Examples from USAF SERE Manual Plat Maps Boundary survey – identifies areas on surface of Earth for “ownership” purposes Topographic Maps Elevation maps Used because water flows downhill

TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS 2D Representations of 3D Surfaces Watershed delineation Trenching specification Grading design Oil exploration Similar concepts in subsurface: oil/gas/aquifer pressure/head maps Similar concepts in atmospheric: rainfall contour plots

TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS Water Systems Orthographic View

TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS Water Systems Elevation (Profile) View

TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS Elevations are vital in the hydraulics: Used to size pipes Account for head losses Locate pumps “Hit” outfall elevation

HOW TO BUILD TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS Assume have x,y,z values at several locations in the region of interest

HOW TO BUILD TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS “Pass” a surface through these points (like 3D least squares)

HOW TO BUILD TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS General practice is to “grid” the data

HOW TO BUILD TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS The surface of the gridded data approximates the topography Level sets from this surface are contour lines Plot of all selected level sets is the contour map for the region of interest

HOW TO BUILD TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS Once we have the “grid” offsets are straightforward to obtain using grid arithmetic

Example (of fitting a surface)

Example (of fitting a surface)

Example (of fitting a surface)

Example (of fitting a surface)

Building topographic maps In practice we usually don’t fit “equations” through the observations – topographic information is usually too complex for such application Instead variants of linear interpolation are employed (e.g. kriging; inverse-distance)

Building topographic maps Tools: AutoCAD has topographic (gridding) capability ArcGIS has topographic capability Nice summary at: http://vterrain.org/Elevation/contour.html An example using “quickgrid” (freeware) follows

Build a topographic map Suppose one has elevation information for the subdivision shown below.

Build a topographic map The point (0,0) is the lower left hand corner. X and Y distances are in inches on a scaled map, Z values are feet above some datum.

Build a topographic map Use a program to generate a grid and the level sets (contour map).

Build a topographic map Use a program to generate a grid and the level sets (contour map).

Report Writing

Fundamentals Know your audience – Professional! Explain the problem Discuss solving method Describe findings/results Example: Car Service Repair Lets say your car has been having problems and you bring it to the shop. What are you more likely to respond to? If the service man, Bob, says I know whats wrong, give me 10,000$ If Bob says, explains the problem “transmission is broken”, sucks, give me 10k If Bob explains the problem concisely without commentary, how he thinks he’ll fix it and the labor costs/parts that’ll add up to 10k A huge part of report wr

Project report (1 of 2) Transmittal Letter Cover Page Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures Executive Summary Google it

Section 1 – Introduction Section 2 – Existing Conditions Project report (2 of 2) Section 1 – Introduction Section 2 – Existing Conditions Section 3 – Hydraulics Section 4 – Cost Estimate Section 5 – Conclusions and Recommendations Google it

Transmittal letter Formal business letter to person that commissioned the report Brief. Includes: Salutation (Dear Mr. _____) Purpose of letter Describe what is being sent Main findings of report End transmittal letters with a one-sentence paragraph that establishes goodwill by thanking or complimenting the recipient. Signature from all members with credentials Can find examples online

Cover Include Team name and members Title of the Project Date

Example of an Exhibit.

Executive Summary Informs reader precisely of: research problem analysis method results Transmittal Letter and Executive Summary Reader shouldn‘t have to read whole report to get main points Summary!! Limit to one (1) page This is the TL;DR. This determines if I should keep reading or if this report sucks.

Section 1 – Introduction Project Name and Purpose Project Limits Project Objectives Assumptions and Constraints PriorStudies (if appropriate) 1.1  Project Name and Purpose 1.2  Project Limits 1.3  Project Objectives 1.4  Assumptions and Constraints 1.5  PriorStudies

Section 1 – Introduction Explains the study problem and its context briefly Importance of problem Reasons and goals for study Limitations You want your audience to understand WHY the report is important WHY it’s being written WHY reader should read it Present Tense 1.1  Project Name and Purpose 1.2  Project Limits 1.3  Project Objectives 1.4  Assumptions and Constraints 1.5  PriorStudies

Section 2 – Existing Conditions Location and Topography Land Use Right-of-Way (if appropriate) Pipelines and Utilities (if appropriate) Other

Section 3 – Hydraulics Analysis Objective Hydraulic Methodology Pre-Project Conditions We’ve edited this to be more concise. This is just the method

Section 3 – Hydraulics Methodology – Explains how: Data was gathered/generated Data was analyzed Assumes reader understands material Is in past tense and passive voice The research has been carried out Usually does not include explanatory details. But for the project, write as if we are your client and also your professors. Be professional and explanatory. We should be able to read Section 3 and redo all of your work and produce your results.

Section 3 – Hydraulics Active vs. Passive Active: I observed the angle to be... Passive: The angle was observed to be... Active: The authors suggest... Passive: It is suggested.. Active: We used EPANET to.. Passive: The hydraulic model EPANET was used to .. Usually does not include explanatory details. But for the project, write as if we are your client and also your professors. Be professional and explanatory. We should be able to read Section 3 and redo all of your work and produce your results.

Section 3 – Hydraulics Hedging words It would appear that These results suggest It would seem A cause of this may be A possible explanation for this is Usually does not include explanatory details. But for the project, write as if we are your client and also your professors. Be professional and explanatory. We should be able to read Section 3 and redo all of your work and produce your results.

Section 4 – cost estimate Description of proposed plan Itemized estimate/cost analysis Results and Discussion

Section 5 – conclusions Results – Visually and textually represents findings Visually: Graphs, tables, diagrams, charts, screen captures Please describe Figures and Tables correctly Explanatory text: Points out most significant portions of research findings Highlights expected and/or unexpected findings This is the part where you’re trying to state all of the problems in a nice way

Section 5 – conclusions Discussion – Assesses and comments on research results Explanation for Results Recommendations Summary – Similar to the Exec Summary Focuses more of results, cost, etc. Please DO NOT list all the ways you went wrong. A client does NOT want to hear that. You all should be able to get an answer, there should NOT be an explanation for wrong results

Other expectations Label Figures and Tables correctly Headings and sub-headings Proper grammar Flow No contractions (won’t, cant) No rhetorical questions Flow – different writers. Should read the same

Cost Estimating

Private project cost estimates Feasibility – Determines no/go decision Prepared prior to development Based on general scope of project (items/work hours/etc) Includes significant contingency (30%) Preliminary Prepared after plan has evolved but before any construction drawings Used by developer to secure funding/ assist in developing alternatives before final decision on product details Accuracy +/- 10-15% Contingency (15-20%) Construction/Detailed Prepared after plans have been approved Accuracy +/- 5% Car sales man. 10k ok I have 10k. If you explain why it’s 10k, I’m more willing to give you money. Feasibility – ball park

Feasibility Estimate Ball park For ex: all different depts make a feasibility cost and all of that gets put together and sent to developer.

Preliminary estimate Developed from plans that have not yet reached sufficient detail Purpose is to: Acquire approvals from permitting jurisdiction Determine problems that will affect project Determine cost to construct Help developer to obtain developer loan applications Water Supply Pipes - dollars per linear foot Valves, hydrants, fire lines, pumps Semi detailed/ conceptual

Construction estimate Generally developed after construction plans have been approved Quantity takeoffs to be determined Double check estimates with a PE (more experience)

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