IMPERIALISM 1800-1914 Definition: When one country takes over another country (politically, economically, & socially).

CAUSES OF IMPERIALISM

1. ECONOMICAL

INDUSTRIALIZATION INCREASED NEED FOR RAW MATERIALS FOR INDUSTRY AND DEVELOPMENT NEW MARKETS TO SELL FINISHED PRODUCTS

TEA PLANTATIONS IN ASIA

HAVRESTING TEA LEAVES

COFFEE PLANTATIONS IN AFRICA

RUBBER PLANTATIONS IN ASIA

HARVESTING RUBBER

MOVING TOWARD A GLOBAL ECONOMY THE LATE 19TH CENTURY SAW AN EXPANSION OF TRADE GLOBALLY ADVANCES IN TRANSPORTATION ENCOURAGED TRADE STEAM SHIPS REFRIGERATION RAILROADS SUEZ AND PANAMA CANALS

EARLY STEAM SHIPS

PANAMA CANAL

PANAMA CANAL

SUEZ CANAL

OPENING OF SUEZ CANAL

2. POLITICAL RIVALRIES

NATIONALISM NATIONALISTIC COMPETITION AMONG THE MAJOR EUROPEAN POWERS GREW NEW MILITARY TECHNOLOGIES (MACHINE GUNS) AIDED EUROPEANS IN CONQUERING OTHER NATIONS DESIRE FOR INTERNATIONAL PRESTIGE

3. POPULATION PRESSURES

NEW OPPORTUNITIES DUE TO A POPULATION INCREASE IN EUROPE, NATIONS ENCOURAGED THEIR CITIZENS TO SETTLE IN NEWLY ACQUIRED LANDS. OWNING PROPERTY FOR THE FIRST TIME WAS VERY APPEALING TO MANY OF THE WORKING CLASS

“WHITE MAN’S BURDEN” THE DUTY TO “CIVILIZE” THE REST OF THE WORLD 4. IDEOLOGICAL “WHITE MAN’S BURDEN” THE DUTY TO “CIVILIZE” THE REST OF THE WORLD

MANY SAW WESTERN IMPERIALISM AS PART OF THE NATURAL PATH OF PROGRESS SOCIAL DARWINISM – “SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST” “NATURAL SELECTION” “THE STRONGEST NATION HAS ALWAYS BEEN CONQUERING THE WEAKER…AND THE STRONGEST TEND TO BE THE BEST.”

5. EXPLORATION

During the 1800’s many continents were unexplored-Africa was referred to as the dark continent.

6. Religious Christian missionaries belief is to spread the “word” to all the people of the world.

DAVID LIVINGSTONE MISSIONARY AND EXPLORER AFRICA

VICTORIA FALLS

ALBERT SCHWEITZER AFRICA

HUDSON TAYLOR MISSIONARY TO CHINA

AMY CARMICHAEL MISSIONARY TO INDIA

7. Business Opportunities

CECIL RHODES

RHODES BAGAN THE DEBEERS DIAMOND COMPANY

RHODESIA NAMED FOR Cecil Rhodes

IMPACT OF EUROPEAN (WESTERN) IMPERIALISM

Natural Resources were depleted. Loss of traditions, languages, & customs Europeans treated conquered people harshly. All of Africa was taken over by European nations except: Liberia & Ethiopia

POSTITIVE CHANGES WERE ALSO BROUGHT ABOUT IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BUSINESS AND TRADE HEALTH CARE EDUCATION SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY INTRODUCTION OF MORE DEMOCRATIC FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM WOULD BE ONE FACTOR IN INCREASING TENSIONS BETWEEN THE MAJOR EUROPEAN POWERS AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY AND LEADING UP TO WORLD WAR I.