DO NOW Tuesday, November 15th Study for Test

TODAY’S PLAN Demonstrate Mastery of Chemistry Unit Learning Targets TODAYS DO Chemistry Unit Test

DO NOW Wednesday, November 16th How many layers of the Earth are there? (If you’re not sure, take a guess!) Name as many of them as you can.

TODAY’S PLAN I can list the layers of the Earth. I can describe the composition of the layers of the Earth. TODAYS DO We will complete guided notes and a coloring activity about the layers of the Earth.

Instructions PLAY the presentation. Fill in ALL blanks on your sheet (front and back). Label your layers of the Earth wedge (on the back of the page) as you come to those slides on the PowerPoint. Write the information on your wedge in the same place I have it on the slides. Color the layers of the Earth wedge. You may use the colors on this PowerPoint or choose your own colors. Color lightly so you can still read what you have written.

The Layers of the Earth © Copyright 2006.  M. J. Krech. All rights reserved.

The Four Layers The Earth is composed of four different layers. The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood. The mantle is much hotter and has the ability to flow. The outer core and inner core are even hotter with pressures so great you would be squeezed into a ball smaller than a marble if you were able to go to the center of the Earth!

The Crust The Earth's Crust is like the skin of an apple. It is very thin in comparison to the other three layers. The crust is only about 3-5 miles (8 kilometers) thick under the oceans (oceanic crust) and about 25 miles (32 kilometers) thick under the continents (continental crust).

The Crust The crust is composed of two rocks. The continental crust is mostly granite. The oceanic crust is basalt. Basalt is much denser than the granite. Because of this the less dense continents ride on the denser oceanic plates.

Continent Ocean Continental Crust: thick; granite; less dense = floats Oceanic Crust: thin; basalt; more dense = sinks Oceanic Crust

The Lithospheric Plates The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates. The plates "float" on the soft, semi-rigid asthenosphere.

The Lithosphere The crust and the upper layer of the mantle together make up a zone of rigid, brittle rock called the Lithosphere.

Lithosphere: Crust and Ocean Continental Crust Oceanic Crust Oceanic Crust Upper Mantle Lithosphere: Crust and Upper Mantle Rigid, brittle rock

The Asthenosphere The asthenosphere is the semi-rigid part of the middle mantle that flows like hot asphalt under a heavy weight.

Asthenosphere: semi-rigid Ocean Continental Crust Oceanic Crust Oceanic Crust Upper Mantle Lithosphere Middle Mantle Asthenosphere: semi-rigid

The Mantle The Mantle is the largest layer of the Earth. The middle mantle is composed of very hot dense rock that flows like asphalt under a heavy weight. The movement of the middle mantle (asthenosphere) is the reason that the crustal plates of the Earth move.

Lithosphere Asthenosphere Largest Layer is Mantle Ocean Continental Crust Oceanic Crust Oceanic Crust Upper Mantle Lithosphere Largest Layer is Mantle Middle Mantle Asthenosphere Very hot Dense Rock that flows Lower Mantle

Convection Currents The middle mantle "flows" because of convection currents. Convection currents are caused by the very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising, then cooling and sinking again --repeating this cycle over and over.

Convection Currents The next time you heat anything like soup or water in a pan you can watch the convection currents move in the liquid. When the convection currents flow in the asthenosphere they also move the crust. The crust gets a free ride with these currents, as shown in the animation to the left. Safety Caution: Don’t get your face too close to the boiling water!

Lithosphere Asthenosphere Ocean Continental Crust Upper Mantle Oceanic Crust Oceanic Crust Upper Mantle Lithosphere Convection currents Asthenosphere Lower Mantle Convection currents (in middle mantle): Hotter magma from bottom Rises and cooler magma at Top sinks

The Outer Core The core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot metals. The outer core is so hot that the metals in it are all in the liquid state. The outer core is composed of the melted metals of nickel and iron.

Lithosphere Asthenosphere Ocean Continental Crust Upper Mantle Oceanic Crust Oceanic Crust Upper Mantle Lithosphere Convection currents Middle Mantle Asthenosphere Lower Mantle Outer Core: made Of liquid metals like Nickel and iron

The Inner Core The inner core of the Earth has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move about like a liquid, but are forced to vibrate in place like a solid.

Lithosphere Asthenosphere Ocean Continental Crust Upper Mantle Middle Oceanic Crust Oceanic Crust Upper Mantle Lithosphere Middle Mantle Asthenosphere Lower Mantle Outer Core Inner Core Great pressures; Metal atoms squeezed Together and vibrate in Place as a solid

The End Have we ever seen part of the Mantle? Explain. BONUS: Find a pair or trio and answer this question: Have we ever seen part of the Mantle? Explain. © Copyright 2006.  M. J. Krech. All rights reserved.

THURSDAY DO NOW What are convection currents? Why are they important?

TODAY’S PLAN I can list the layers of the Earth. I can describe the composition of the layers of the Earth. I can explain what causes movement of the crustal plates. TODAYS DO We will complete notes about the layers of the Earth.