(Harvard’s gorgeous animation of a cell contents doing their thing) Inner Life of the Cell (Harvard’s gorgeous animation of a cell contents doing their thing)

Cell organelles Starting activity: Work out the actual size of the mitochondrion in the top right side of your labelled animal cell. Mag =Image size / Actual size M = 20mm/5μm M = 20,000μm / 5μm = x4000 A = I/M A = 12mm/x4000 A = 0.003mm 0.003 x 1000 = μm 0.003 x 1000 = 3 μm 3D Interactive cell Utah cell

The nucleus The nuclear envelope Nuclear pores Nucleoplasm Chromatin The nucleolus The nucleus: Acts as the control centre of the cell through the production of mRNA and protein synthesis Retains the genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA / chromosomes. Manufacture rRNA and ribosomes Start the process of cell division.

Chloroplasts The chloroplast envelope The stroma The grana Starch grains

The mitochondrion Double membrane Cristae (stalked elementary particles) The matrix (Krebs cycle)

Endoplasmic reticulum RER SER Cisternae

Ribosomes 80S type = eukaryotic cells 70S type = prokaryotic cells 2 sub-units. One large and one Small. Each contain rRNA and protein Important in protein synthesis

Golgi apparatus Similar to SER in structure. Flattened stacks of cisternae. Modifies proteins from ER Labels them, which allows Them to go to their correct Destination. Modified protein transported in vesicles

Lysosomes Formed when vesicles produced from the golgi apparatus include within them enzymes (e.g. Proteases, lipases) Up to 1.0 μm in diameter Isolate potentially harmful enzymes from rest of cell.

Cell surface (plasma) membrane Partially permeable. Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Cilia Threads which extend from cell surface. 3-4 μm long, could be up to 10 μm. they are 0.2 μm in diameter. Basal body embedded in cytoplasm Basal body contains 9 sets of 3 microtubules.

Centrioles Found in almost all animal cells. NOT in plant cells Hollow cylinders 0.5 μm in length and 0.2 μm in diameter. Internal structure = 9 sets of 3 microtubules 2 in each cell. Lie at right angles to one another near the nucleus

Comparing plant and animal cells Cell wall absent Chloroplasts absent Vacuoles if present – small and scattered. Cytoplasm present throughout the cell Nucleus anywhere in cell, but often central. Centrioles present Cilia or undulipodia often present Glycogen granules used for storage Almost all cells are capable of division Plant cells Cell wall with pits and plasmodesmata. Chloroplasts present Large single vacuole. Cytoplasm – thin layer confined to edge of cell. Nucleus at edge of cell Centrioles absent in higher plants Cilia and undulipodia absent. In higher plants. Starch grains used for storage Only some cells capable of division.

Identifying cell organelles

Plenary activity: Complete short answer questions on cell organelles. Complete Q3 from Q booklet Homework: Q1 part (a) only & Q4 all parts. Due: Next lesson.