Date of download: 1/1/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Bio-Inspired Heuristic Network Configuration in Air Transportation System-of-Systems Design Optimization J. Mech. Des. 2017;139(8):081401-081401-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036778 Figure Legend: Nested ATSoS optimization formulation

Date of download: 1/1/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Bio-Inspired Heuristic Network Configuration in Air Transportation System-of-Systems Design Optimization J. Mech. Des. 2017;139(8):081401-081401-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036778 Figure Legend: ATSoS optimization formulation with bio-inspired network configuration

Date of download: 1/1/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Bio-Inspired Heuristic Network Configuration in Air Transportation System-of-Systems Design Optimization J. Mech. Des. 2017;139(8):081401-081401-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036778 Figure Legend: Schematic of the fractal structure of a bronchial tree

Date of download: 1/1/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Bio-Inspired Heuristic Network Configuration in Air Transportation System-of-Systems Design Optimization J. Mech. Des. 2017;139(8):081401-081401-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036778 Figure Legend: Airports connected based on bio-inspired rules

Date of download: 1/1/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Bio-Inspired Heuristic Network Configuration in Air Transportation System-of-Systems Design Optimization J. Mech. Des. 2017;139(8):081401-081401-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036778 Figure Legend: Bio-inspired route networks of the first three hubs for the 15-city problem. (a) The main hub is Toronto. Kelowna and Victoria are connected to Toronto through Edmonton, Saskatoon and Regina through Thunder Bay, and St. John’s through Halifax. (b) The main hub is Vancouver. Kelowna is connected to Vancouver through Saskatoon, Thunder Bay and Quebec City through Montreal, and Halifax and St. John’s through Toronto. (c) The main hub is Calgary. Thunder Bay and Quebec City are connected to Calgary through Montreal, and Halifax and St. John’s through Toronto.

Date of download: 1/1/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Bio-Inspired Heuristic Network Configuration in Air Transportation System-of-Systems Design Optimization J. Mech. Des. 2017;139(8):081401-081401-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036778 Figure Legend: Cost savings incurred by updating the fleet with a new aircraft as a function of capacity. The star denotes cost savings before considering a new aircraft.

Date of download: 1/1/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Bio-Inspired Heuristic Network Configuration in Air Transportation System-of-Systems Design Optimization J. Mech. Des. 2017;139(8):081401-081401-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036778 Figure Legend: Cost savings as a function of number of active routes in the bio-inspired network for the 15-city problem. The numbers next to each point denote the capacity of the new aircraft. Points without a number denote usage of the existing fleet (see color figure online).

Date of download: 1/1/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Bio-Inspired Heuristic Network Configuration in Air Transportation System-of-Systems Design Optimization J. Mech. Des. 2017;139(8):081401-081401-8. doi:10.1115/1.4036778 Figure Legend: Cost savings as a function of number of active routes in the bio-inspired network for the 20-city problem. The numbers next to each point denote the capacity of the new aircraft. Points without a number denote usage of the existing fleet (see color figure online).