Fighting Begins in the North Chapter 6 Section 1 Fighting Begins in the North

I. Peace or War? A. Peace Petition 1. on May 10, 1775, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia; all 13 colonies sent representatives 2. delegates were divided over what to do; some like John & Sam Adams wanted to declare independence, most hoped to avoid a final break with Britain

3. the Olive Branch Petition was. sent to King George III 3. the Olive Branch Petition was sent to King George III declaring the colonists’ loyalty to the king & asking him to repeal the Intolerable Acts 4. the king ordered 20,000 troops to the colonies

B. Rebels Take Ticonderoga 1. in 1775, there was no united army; each colony had its own militia 2. Ethan Allen of Vermont led a group of men known as the Green Mountain Boys in a surprise attack against Ft. Ticonderoga yelling “Come out, you old rat!” at the fort’s commander

3. British soldiers did not expect an. attack and had not heard about 3. British soldiers did not expect an attack and had not heard about the battles at Lexington & Concord 4. Allen and his men easily won the fort and its cannons and supply of gunpowder as well as a water route into Canada

C. Setting up an Army 1. the Second Continental Congress set up the Continental Army a. George Washington was appointed commander b. Washington left immediately for Boston

II. Advantages of the Opposing Sides A. Patriots 1. colonists who favored war against Britain because British rule was harsh and unjust; 2. disadvantages a. troops were untrained & disorganized b. few cannons & gunpowder c. no navy d. preferred to be part of the militias 3. advantages a. they were defending their homes b. many owned their own rifles and were good shots c. good leader in George Washington

B. British 1. advantages a. well-trained troops b. navy was the strongest in the world c. supported by many colonists 2. disadvantages a. men were fighting 3000 miles from home b. took months to get supplies, troops, & news c. they were in enemy territory and did not know it as well as the colonists

C. Loyalists 1. colonists who remained loyal to Britain a. wealthy merchants, former officials, some farmers & craftworkers b. more Loyalists in Middle & Southern colonies than in New England 2. hard times for Loyalists a. Patriots tarred & feathered them b. many fled to England & Canada c. those who fled lost their homes, stores, & farms

III. The Fight for Boston A. Battle of Bunker Hill 1. “Dig, men, dig.” Colonel William Prescott led 1200 Americans to Bunker Hill across the river from Boston a. his men dug trenches on nearby Breed’s Hill b. William Howe, the British general, sent 2400 Redcoats across Boston harbor to Charlestown near Breed’s Hill

c. the Americans watched the British. advance on them from their c. the Americans watched the British advance on them from their trenches; because they were low on gunpowder their commanders told them “Don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes!”

2. the British push over the top – it took the Redcoats three advances on the hill before they reached the top a. the British took both hills but 1000 Redcoats were dead or wounded while the Americans lost 400 b. the Battle of Bunker Hill was the first major battle of the Revolution and proved two things, the Americans could fight bravely and the British would not be easy to defeat

B. The British Leave Boston 1. when Washington arrived in Boston he found 16,000 troops who were badly in need of training & who mistrusted one another 2. by January 1776, the Continental Army had surrounded Boston with the help of cannons from Ft. Ticonderoga; General Howe was forced to leave Boston and go to Canada; 1000 American Loyalists went with them 3. King George III ordered a blockade of all colonial ports & hired Hessian mercenaries from Germany

The Declaration of Independence Chapter 6 Section 2 The Declaration of Independence

2. People set up governments to protect their rights and liberties. Certain natural rights belong to all people from birth. 1. All people are born equal and are entitle to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. 2. People set up governments to protect their rights and liberties. 3. If government fails to protect people’s rights, the people have the right to overthrow the government.

The King disbanded colonial legislatures. B. Great Britain committed many wrongs against the colonies. The King disbanded colonial legislatures. Britain sent troops to the colonies during peacetime. Britain taxed the colonies without their consent.

The colonies have no further ties to Great Britain. C. The British Colonies are now the United States of America. The colonies have no further ties to Great Britain. The United States is a free and independent nation. The United States has the power to do all the things that independent states may do.

D. How does common sense relate to the American Revolution?_______ __________________________ __________________________. E. How does traitor relate to the American Revolution? ___________ ___________________________ ___________________________.

D. How does common sense relate to the American Revolution D. How does common sense relate to the American Revolution? This pamphlet by Thomas Paine urged the colonies to declare independence. E. How does traitor relate to the American Revolution? Because the delegates declared independence, they were disloyal to Britain, and the British could hang them as traitors.

F. How does the Declaration of Independence relate to the American Revolution? _________ ___________________________

F. How does the Declaration of Independence relate to the American Revolution? This document described the reasons for breaking away from Great Britain.