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Chapter 10 Managing Anxiety and Delivering Your Speech Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

On a separate sheet of paper answer: List five experiences that give you the most anxiety. Rate them 1 (little anxiety) to 5 (lots of anxiety). Now list public speaking and rate it 1 (little anxiety) to 5 (lots of anxiety).

Qualities of Effective Speakers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POwC3NwuFWg Ethics Knowledge Preparation Self-Confidence

Managing Speech Anxiety Speech Anxiety—a multisystem response that creates a combination of biochemical changes in the body in a communication situation. Fear of speaking before an audience. Communication Apprehension—the most severe form of speech anxiety; an anxiety syndrome associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons. How do you feel when you are anxious? Photo from chapter 10 page 256 © Cleve Bryant/PhotoEdit Inc. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Managing Speech Anxiety Communication Apprehension People with communication apprehension believe their silence offers great advantages than speaking out or that the disadvantages of communicating outweigh potential gains. Among the fears of those with communication anxiety is speaking before a group. Communication apprehension often begins at an early age as a result of negative feedback.

Managing Speech Anxiety: Causes Fear of Physical unattractiveness Social inadequacy Criticism Unknown Conflicting emotions Excitement from anticipation

Symptoms of Speech Anxiety http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8PP3QU7wjI Quivering, too soft, monotone, too fast, non-emphatic Voice Stammering, halting, awkward pauses, hunting for words, speech blocks Fluency Breathing heavily, clearing throat, swallowing repeatedly Mouth and throat No eye contact, rolling eyes, tense facial muscles, grimaces, twitches Facial expressions Rigid and tense, waving hands Arms and hands Swaying, pacing, shuffling feet, weight shifts Body movement Feeling too warm, too much saliva, dry mouth, butterflies in the stomach Nonvisible symptoms Adapted from “A. Mulac and A.R. Sherman, “Behavior Assessment of Speech Anxiety,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 60,2 (April 1974): 138 Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Anxiety (Continued) Speech Anxiety in Other Cultures Treating Speech Anxiety Systematic desensitization Systematic technique designed to reduce the tenseness associated with anxiety Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Managing Speech Anxiety Treating Speech Anxiety and Apprehension Systematic desensitization is a relaxation technique designed to reduce tenseness associated with anxiety. Meditation is a practice of spending time in quiet thought to help relax and focus one on the tasks at hand.

Extemporaneous Delivery Methods of Delivery Impromptu Delivery Manuscript Delivery Memorized Delivery Extemporaneous Delivery Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Methods of Delivery Impromptu Delivery The delivery of a speech with little or no formal planning or preparation is called impromptu delivery. This differs from other methods by forcing speakers to depend solely on their ability to think on their feet. Manuscript Delivery Reading a speech word for word is known as manuscript delivery. Use a manuscript delivery for situations in which every word, phrase, and sentence must be stated precisely.

Methods of Delivery Memorized Delivery Memorized delivery requires you to memorize your speech in its entirety. The advantage is that you can focus more on delivery and less on what you have to say. Extemporaneous Delivery In extemporaneous delivery, you use a carefully prepared and researched speech but deliver it from notes with a high degree of spontaneity. This is the most commonly used method in speech classrooms.

Vocal and Physical Aspects of Delivery Vocal Aspects Vocal Quality Overall impression a speaker’s voice makes on his or her listeners. Intelligibility Vocal volume, distinctiveness of sound, clarity of pronunciation, articulation, and stress placed on delivery Vocal Variety Variations in rate, force, and pitch Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Vocal and Physical Aspects of Delivery Vocal Aspects The combination of rate, force, and pitch variations that add to a speaker’s overall vocal quality is called vocal variety. Rate is the speed at which a speaker speaks. A pause is a brief stop to gain attention, add emphasis, separate, or otherwise punctuate ideas. The intensity and volume of the voice is called force. Pitch refers to how high or low the voice is on a tonal scale.

Vocal and Physical Aspects of Delivery Personal appearance refers to what a speaker looks like and the way a speaker dresses, grooms, and presents him- or herself. Body movement includes posture and purposeful movement. Gestures are movements of the head, arms, or hands that help to illustrate, emphasize, or clarify an idea.

Vocal and Physical Aspects of Delivery Facial expressions are configurations of the face that can reflect, augment, contradict, or be unrelated to a speaker’s verbal delivery. Eye contact is the extent to which a speaker looks directly at audience members.

Aspects (Continued) Physical Aspects Personal appearance Body movement Facial expressions Eye contact Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

What Are Some Distracting Speaker Behaviors? rapid speech monotone mumbling awkward pauses hands in pockets playing with hair looking at floor or ceiling tense, rigid sloppy posture swaying dancing leaning on podium weight shifts crossing legs Copyright © 2008 by Allyn and Bacon

Presentational Aids Benefits of Presentational Aids Presentational aids are materials and equipment that speakers may use to enhance content and delivery. Presentational aids make a speech understandable and memorable. They enhance speaker credibility. They create audience attention and interest. They provide support. They help with delivery.

Learning Styles Read and Auditory Write Listen Process Comprehension Visual PowerPoint Pictures Graphics Charts Kinesthetic Touch Experience Take Apart Reassemble Read and Write Comprehension Auditory Listen Process

Choosing and Using Presentational Aids Aids should serve a need Aids should be planned and adapted to the audience and the situation. Aids should not dominate or take over the presentation. Aids should look as professionally prepared as possible. Aids should be practical—easy to prepare, use, and transport Aids that are not original require documentation Visuals should only contain one idea, etc. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Types of Presentational Aids Computer-Generated Images Video and Digitized Video Clips Real Objects Models Photographs, Drawings, and Diagrams Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Presentation Software Deciding when to use PowerPoint or Prezi in Your Presentations Neither is always the best presentational aid. You do not have to use software just because it is available. Creating Effective PowerPoint or Prezi Presentations Choose background colors and designs that are clear, clean, and not too busy. Serif fonts are clean and easy to read. Display your presentation only when referring to it. Use graphics and pictures sparingly.

Presentation Software Using Presentational Aids: Who’s Really in Control? Remember that you are in control of your presentation. If you’ve done what’s recommended in this text, you will feel poised and confident. If you know your topic, have prepared well, and practiced carefully, your chances of recovering from a mishap increases significantly.

Practice Your Delivery Practice, practice, practice. There is no magic amount of time to make your delivery perfect. Start with small segments, and then practice the entire speech. If possible, practice in the same room where you will speak (or at least under similar conditions).

Informative Speech Assignment Questions? Comments? Concerns? Remember: Visual aid Outline (2 copies) Grade rubric

Group Project Check-In Get into your groups. I am coming around to evaluate progress and help you all push forward with your projects as they are due in less than 2 weeks.