Agenda 10.21.15 Today: 1. Warm-Ups Using your 4.1 map and guided reading, answer the following questions: Define mestizo Define encomienda How were the Incans treated by Pizarro and his men? When you are done with warm-ups, grab a note sheet from the front of the room! 2. Notes: Chapter 4, Section 3 3. Review 4.1, 4.2, and 4.4 (if time)

Atlantic Slave Trade Chapter 4, Section 3

What Will We Learn? What were the causes of African slavery? How did slavery spread through the Americas? What is the triangular trade? What was life like for enslaved Africans? What were the consequences of the African slave trade? Why does this all matter?

Atlantic Slave Trade Sugar plantations and tobacco farms demanded cheap labor Many Native Americans died from European diseases Encomienda system outlawed Solution: bring enslaved Africans to the Americas Immune to European diseases Knew how to farm If escaped, could be easily recognized by skin color

Atlantic Slave Trade Numbers Spain + Portugal led the way From 1500-1600 AD, ab0ut 300,000 Africans brought to the New World to work on plantations and in silver and gold mines England took over dominance from 1690-1807 (when slavery was abolished) 1.7 million Africans to West Indies 400,000 sold in North America By 1830, 2 million slaves toiled in U.S.

Triangular Trade What is it? A network of profitable trade routes across the Atlantic Ocean which involved an exchange of goods from Europe to Africa to the Americas and back to Europe again. The “commodity” from Africa to the Americas involved slaves.

Triangular Trade

Another view of Triangular Trade “Rum Route” in blue and purple

The Middle Passage The “middle” part of the transatlantic voyage where slaves were brought to the Americas Harsh conditions on board Packed into dark holds, beaten Disease swept through the holds Suicides Roughly 20% of slaves on each ship perished on the voyage

Consequences of Slave Trade African societies lost generations of young people Families in Africa torn apart Essential for the economic growth of the American colonies Contributes cultural influences in music, art, religion, and food African-American populations throughout North and South America Mixed races

Chapter 4.1 5. Hernando Cortes: Spanish explorer, colonized Caribbean islands, move to mainland, conquistadors in search of gold, conquers Aztecs 8. Pizarro and 200 men outnumbered by Atahualpa and 30,000 men – Spanish wait in ambush, crush Aztecs, kidnap Atahualpa, A offers gold + silver for release, Pizarro not pleased enough, strangles Atahualpa

Chapter 4.1 12. Ferdinand Magellan – Portuguese explorer, known for sailing around southern end of South America into the Pacific, reaching the Philippines 14. Amerigo Vespucci – Italian explorer working for Portugal, traveled along eastern shores of South America, our country is named after him!!!

Chapter 4.1 16. Vasquez de Coronad0 – Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas – searching for another wealthy empire to conquer, found little gold, so Spanish monarchy has priests explore + colonize the future US 17. Native Americans + Africans were used as slaves under Spanish rule – encomienda system

When + Who? How + Where? Why? Important People? Problems? Economy? New France France 1524 -Southeastern Canada + midwest US -In search of West Indies -Religious freedom -Fur trade -Fish -Giovanni de Verrazzano -Jacques Cartier -Samuel de Champlain -Religious tension -Feudalism -Standing army -Trading empire New Netherlands (Dutch) The Dutch 1609/1614 -New York region along Hudson River -Northwest sea route to Asia -Looking for Western routes to Asia -Henry Hudson -Native Americans fighting -Hardships on a new land -Dutch West India Company Jamestown England 1607 -King James chartered a voyage -Virginia -Inspired by Spanish and French -King James -John Smith -No food, disease -Fighting with Powhatans -Tobacco crops

Massachusetts Bay/Plymouth England 1620 When + Who? How + Where? Why? Important People? Problems? Economy? Massachusetts Bay/Plymouth England 1620 Massachusetts -Colonists wishing to leave England for a new life -Puritan pilgrims wanting religious freedom -John Winthrop -Poor living conditions -People leaving -Tight knit community Caribbean Colonies France, England, and the Netherlands 1600s Caribbean islands: -Aruba -Barbados -Jamaica -Haiti -Abundance of resources -Search for gold -Peter Stuyvesant (Dutch) -Wars with natives -Not used to climate -Sugar -Tobacco -Cotton -Slave labor French + Indian War France + England 1754 (part of the 7 years war) In the colonies -Land disputes -Basically bros being greedy -Charles II (King of England) -Became part of a larger conflict -Resolved with Treaty of Paris, all of N. America to British, except what was the Spanish

Agenda 10.20.15 Warm-Ups What is triangular trade? What three areas are involved in the triangle trade? What is the Middle Passage? When you are done with warm-ups, grab a half sheet from the front of the room. MAKE SURE YOU HAVE YOUR BOOKS! IF YOU DON’T HAVE THEM, GO GET THEM!