Foundations of Government

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Foundations of Government

Roots of American Democracy Ancient Greece Senate as the main legislative body Direct democracy- eligible population votes on everything Great Britain Magna Carta (1215)- document that recognized the people have certain rights and that the government’s power is not absolute English Bill of Rights (1689)- document that state the monarch does not has absolute power and cannot interfere in elections, trials, or the military The Enlightenment John Locke- natural rights as human beings Rousseau- government cannot exist without the consent of the people (otherwise its not legit) Montesquieu- separation of powers

Formation of Government Continental Congresses- representatives from the original colonies meet to discuss the escalating situation with Great Britain Become the acting government for the colonies Organized the military during the Revolutionary War Wrote and passed the Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation Weak national government, strong state governments Established departments of Foreign Affairs and Treasury Helped organize land Signed treaty with Great Britain recognizing American Independence

Government Structure Virginia Plan Connecticut Compromise Bicameral legislature Number of legislators varies according to the state population New Jersey Plan Unicameral Legislature Each state gets one vote regardless of population Connecticut Compromise Bicameral legislature Representation in House of Representatives based on state population Equal representation in the Senate with two members from each state

Principles of the Constitution Popular Sovereignty and Republicanism rule by the people Government functions on the consent of the governed by electing those officials Limited Government Constitution doesn’t just mention what the government can do but also what it cannot Built in safeguards (i.e. checks and balances) Federalism Power is divided between the national and state governments

Principles of the Constitution Separation of Powers 3 Branches of Government each with specific duties in government Checks and Balances Each branch has the ability to extend some control over the other two Individual Rights Amendments that specifically protect its citizens (i.e. Bill of Rights 4-8th Amendments) Beliefs and Principles Today Meant to be flexible and open to interpretation/edits so that it can meet the needs of changing times

Structure of the Constitution Preamble Articles I- Legislative Branch II- Executive Branch III- Judicial Branch IV- Relationship among the States V- Amendment Process VI- National Supremacy VII- Ratification Amendments

Amendments Bill of Rights- first 10 Amendments that protects individual rights by limiting the powers of government Structural Changes Modifies the structures of government and the powers of the branches 11th, 12th, 17th, 20th, 22nd, 25th, 27th Amendments Extension of Government Power 16th, 18th, 21st Amendments Expands the power of the federal government (one of these repeals the other) Extension of Individual Rights 13th, 14th, 15th, 19th, 23rd, 24th, 26th Amendments