Causes of the French Revolution (1789 – 1815)

The Old Regime Def. = system of feudalism that ruled France through a coalition of monarch, nobles, & Church.

Causes of the French Revolution (4:55)

II. 4 Causes of the French Revolution 1. Unequal social system A. 3 Estates 1. 1st = Church 2. 2nd = Nobles 3. 3rd = everyone else bourgeoisie – merchants/skilled laborers city workers – unskilled peasants – 80% of pop. B. 1st & 2nd Estates were 2% of pop. BUT owned 30% of property C. 3rd Estate was 98% of pop. But owned almost no property; paid almost all the taxes!

3. Failing French Economy 2. The Enlightenment a. spread idea of equality & liberty b. appeals to 3rd estate c. American Revolution 3. Failing French Economy a. high taxes  low profits b. food shortages c. govt. debt

4. Weak Leadership a. Louis XVI incompetent & ineffectual http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~etanter/Louis.html 4. Weak Leadership a. Louis XVI incompetent & ineffectual b. Marie Antoinette hated by French 1. foreigner – Austrian 2. extravagant spender http://www.batguano.com/VigeeMAgallery.html

Start of French Revolution: Spring, 1789 (2:35)

Revolution Dawns Louis calls meeting of Estates General (May,1789) E. G. = assembly of reps. from all 3 estates Louis needs them to raise taxes http://encarta.msn.com/media_461550976_761568934_-1_1/The_Estates-General_1789.html

E.G. argues & splits into 2 bodies past = each estate got one vote (unfair to 3rd) 3rd estate wants each delegate to get a vote 3rd estate breaks away & forms the National Assembly *(beg. of rep. govt.)

Tennis Court Oath other 2 estates exclude 3rd from meeting 3rd meets at tennis court & vows not to leave until France has a constitution. Louis orders 1st & 2nd estates to join them

Storming of the Bastille (1:59)

Storming of the Bastille – July 14, 1789 rumors that King is going to attack citizens of Paris Angry mob captures royal prison weapons for defense symbol of royal power & cruelty

A Great Fear Sweeps France Wave of violence after the Bastille peasants rise up against nobles in countryside burn manors destroy rental records The Women’s March (late 1789) angry women join mob & march from Paris to Versailles demand bread & for King to come to Paris Louis & Marie forced to go to Paris & try to make peace