ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS (2D) ISOMETRIC (3D) FROM ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS (2D) I. ISOMETRIC, freehand proportionate sketching. ISOMETRIC, View (i.e. Drawing) [Dimensions in ISO. = Dimension in Ortho.] III. ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS Using Isometric Scale. Using Projections techniques.

Aim:- Figure-1, shows the F. V. & T. V Aim:- Figure-1, shows the F.V. & T.V. of a simple vertical rectangular plane of size LH. Draw its isometric view, for (a) R.H.S.V. & (b) L.H.S.V. a’ b’ H d’ c’ L F.V. a b d c T.V. Figure-1

MN, is the base line for isometric axes. PQ, is the isometric axis (vertical) for Fig.1(a) PR, is the isometric axis ( horizontal),for R.H.S.V. for Fig.1(a) at 30º with base line MN. P Q A Note:- The diagonal line a’c’ in ortho. View increases in its iso. View (Fig.1-a), as AC (known as, non isometric line) R B D H L X C M N Figure-1(a)

MN, is the base line for isometric axes. PQ, is the isometric axis (vertical) for Fig.1(b) PS, is the isometric axis ( horizontal),for L.H.S.V. for Fig.1(b) at 30º with base line MN. P Q B Note:- The diagonal line a’c’ in ortho. View decreases in its iso. View (Fig. 1-b), as AC (known as, non isometric line) S A C H L D X M N Figure-1(b)

Figure shows the Top View of a rectangular plane of 100 x 70 Figure shows the Top View of a rectangular plane of 100 x 70. Draw its isometric view i) for R.H.S.V & ii) for L.H.S.V. a b 70 d c 100 T.V.

A 70 100 D B X C 30 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE HORIZONTAL RECTANGULAR PLANE (100 X 70) for its R.H.S.V.

B 100 C A 70 X D 30 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE HORIZONTAL RECTANGULAR PLANE (100 X 70) for its L.H.S.V.

ISOMETRIC VIEW OF SIMPLE PLANES Aim:-Figure shows the F.V.of a cut geometric plane.Draw its Isometric view . (i)For R.H.S.V. & (ii)For L.H.S.V. ? b’ c’ a’ d’ 30 H R g’ f’ e’ L F.V.

Darken the required arc FD with center C2 30 a’ b’ d’ f’ g’ L H R ? Darken the required arc FD with center C2 A ? L -: Solution :- B AB=a’ b’ ED=EF=R H 30 R2 C Now, only the Quadrant of a circle (L.H.S. upward), is to be drawn using Four center method. R G D R1 C2 F C3 E X C1 C4 (i) 30

c’ e’ 30 a’ b’ d’ f’ g’ L H R ? C A B D E F G L H 30 ? X 30 (ii)

Aim:-Figure shows the T. V. of a cut geometric plane Aim:-Figure shows the T.V. of a cut geometric plane. Draw its Isometric, (i)For R.H.S.V. & (ii) For L.H.S.V. ? d f b c e R D 30 i j D1 45 g a L1 h k L2 L T.V.

Draw, J I // AG ( at a distance of D1 ) h k L1 a b c e d f g i j L D L2 45 D1 T.V. 30 ? R BC=bc= ? ED=EF=R AK=ak=L1 GH=gh=L2 Draw, J I // AG ( at a distance of D1 ) Note :- (1) MJ=KM=D1, as angle jka=45 (2) Angle JKA & Angle IHG are not 45 in isometric. B ? D C 30 D A J 45 M L1 R D1 E K N L H I F 45 L2 X G (i) 30

Draw, J I // AG ( at a distance of D1 ) h k L1 a b c e d f g i j L D L2 45 D1 T.V. 30 ? R Note :- (1) MJ=KM=D1, as angle jka=45 (2) Angle JKA & Angle IHG are not 45 in isometric. BC=bc= ? AK=ak=L1 Draw, J I // AG ( at a distance of D1 ) D D1 H J (ii) 30 45 L1 ? L2 R X A B C E F G I K N M L

Draw the Iso.View of a regular Pentagonal plane of 40mm sides, with one side normal to V.P. & the plane is in H.P. X a’ b’ c’ Y e’ d’ 90° d s r e g 40 c R a D b C p q 2 D G S Q E B 40 A X P 3 D

O’ Draw the Iso.View of a Pentagonal Pyramid, having base sides 40mm, axis 60mm long,when its base is in H.P.with a side of it normal to V.P. 60 X g’ a’ b’ c’ Y e’ d’ d e O 60 40 O c g R a D C b G 2 D S Q E B 40 A 3 D X P

Aim:- Figure shows the orthographic projections of a cut simple block Aim:- Figure shows the orthographic projections of a cut simple block. Draw its appropriate Pictorial ( Isometric ) view, giving the dimensions. NOTE: The appropriate Isometric will be,considering its R.H.S.V. ( which is not given & is to be added as a missed view).

55 A B 15 20 60 55 a b c d R.H.S.V. F.V. 15 20 30 55 Normally, dotted lines are not drawn in Iso. View, unless specifically required to reveal the object perfectly. 1 2 3 T.V. Figure

1 A a 2 3 b c B d ISOMETRIC VIEW X 20 30 ISOMETRIC VIEW 1 20 40 A a 2 35 3 15 b c B 15 30 d 55 X 15 NOTE:- IN R.H.S.MISSED VIEW, THE AREAS, A & B ARE SEEN AND IS DRAWN IN ITS CORROSPONDING SPACE

Figure shows Front View and Top View of a machine parts Figure shows Front View and Top View of a machine parts. Sketch its isometric view & dimension it.

SQ.HOLE OF 20 20 70 30 30° R25 C B A D F.V. 70 20 10 b2 a c b1 T.V.

ISOMETRIC VIEW SQ.HOLE OF 20 a 25 10 C c 95 B A 20 b2 30° b1 20 30 25 D 20 115 X 50 20

III. A The Front View of the Top Face of a Cube having edges “e” (with one of the body diagonal line, normal D to V.P. ) is to be treated as ISOMETRIC of the Top Face of the Cube (with a side parallel to V.P.) d’ 45° 30° A m’ C All the edges Top face edges, base face edges and 4 vertical edges of the cube are reduced in its isometric view, in the stated condition. a’ c’ M b’ a’d’= f (AD) B

Cos 30º = a’m’/a’d’ ----- (1) From (1) & (2) a’m’ = a’d’ cos30º = AD cos45º C A B D 45° 30° a’ b’ c’ d’ a’d’= f (AD) m’ M i.e. a’d’ = AD cos45º/cos 30 e x 1/ 2 3 / 2 = i.e. a’d’ = AD x 2/3 i.e. ISOMETRIC LENGTH = (0.815 x ACTUAL LENGTH)

Aim : Figure shows the F. V & T. V of a stepped block Aim : Figure shows the F.V & T.V of a stepped block. Draw its ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS, Using projection techniques. 1 2, 3 4 5 7 6 g f a b, c d e Top View e’ c’ d’ 5’ 3’ 4’ a’ b’ 1’ 2’ 7’ 6’ g’ f’ Front View

Note : The F.V. is tilted at 15° with base line M1 M2. The T.V. is tilted at 45° with another base line M3 M4. In actual Isometric projected view all the dimensions are reduced to (2/3)½ or 9/11 = 0.815 times its original lengths. All the F.V & T.V. points are identified with proper notations to locate the points in projected isometric view.

ISO. (Projected) View (Known as ISO. Projection) b’ a’ f’ 5 4 6 f e 3 2 d b,c 1 7 T.V. g 45° M3 M4 a 5 4 E D 3 C 6 2 F 1 B A 7 G e’ d’ c’ 5’ ISO. (Projected) View (Known as ISO. Projection) 4’ 3’ b’ a’ 2’ 6’ f’ 1’ F.V. 30° 7’ 15° M1 g’ M2

Procedure to draw ISO.Projection (1) F.V. & T.V. are tilted as mentioned, and drawn such that ISO.Projected View should not overlap on drawn views. (2) From F.V. draw lines(Proj.) at 30°, while from top view vertically downward as third angle is used. (3) Get the frontal plane as A,B,_ _ _ _ _,G from a’,b’_ _ _ _ _ _,g’& a,b _ _ _,g. (4) Similarly rear plane as 1,2, _ _ _ _,7,from 1’,2’,_ _ _ & 1,2,_ _ _ _ 7.

Draw its pictorial (ISOMETRIC)view, giving the dimensions. Aim:- Figure shows the F.V. & T.V. of a machine component. Figure Draw its pictorial (ISOMETRIC)view, giving the dimensions. 20 R30 15 F.V. 20 15 30 30 R10 15 20 120 40 T.V.

Note 1:- The machine component is splitted into four different parts, for its iso. sketching, with bottom base part as first drawn. Note 2:-The circularity or part of that of Ortho.View, is to be drawn in Iso view as an ellipse or part of that using “four center method”,as explained earlier. Note 3:- Such components may be drawn in iso., by area (plane)wise w.r.t F.V, T.V & S.V directions. Never prefer “box method” for such components.

Solution ISOMETRIC VIEW 20 Split-II 60 See, Note 2 20 20 Split-III 15 Split-IV 65 15 ISOMETRIC VIEW R10 30 120 Split-I 30 See, Note 2 15

Aim:- Sketch shows the Orthographic views of a machine component Aim:- Sketch shows the Orthographic views of a machine component. Draw its appropriate Isometric view, using “splitting the object into pieces” techniques. Give the dimensions on the ISOMETRIC VIEW drawn.

20 R40 40 30 50 90 40 Sketch T.V. 30 10 20 80 R.H.S.V. (missed view) may be added here in height & depth range F.V.

Dimensions must be given on the Isometric view, which are not shown here. 25 20 10 C 50 30 30 20 40 50 B 20 80 20 70 Ø30 R40 R15 20 90 25 80x80 square 20 A D 25

Exercise Figure shows the Orthographic views of a machine component. Draw its Isometric view. Give the dimensions as per aligned system.

80 Ø30 R30 35 20 40 10 c 15 25 60 120 A B b a L.H.S.V. FRONT VIEW FIGURE NOTE:- The front view areas are A & B, while the side view areas are a, b & c.

B c b a A ISOMETRIC X VIEW ø30 R30 60 20 25 15 35 15 40 20 10 120 40 Solution ø30 R30 60 B 25 20 c 35 15 20 15 40 20 120 10 b a 80 A 40 ISOMETRIC VIEW X