Date of download: 1/1/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Physically Realizable Three-Dimensional Bone Prosthesis Design With Interpolated Microstructures J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(3):031013-031013-8. doi:10.1115/1.4035481 Figure Legend: Visualization of the microstructure sets used. Base cells shown at volume fractions of 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%. The front octant has been removed to show internal structure. The right most picture visualizes directional dependence of the Young's modulus (E) for the 50% volume fraction microstructure as a fraction of the base material Young's modulus (E0). The axes in the lower left corner indicate orientation of all subfigures. (a) microstructure set A, (b) microstructure set B, (c) microstructure set C, and (d) microstructure set D.

Date of download: 1/1/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Physically Realizable Three-Dimensional Bone Prosthesis Design With Interpolated Microstructures J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(3):031013-031013-8. doi:10.1115/1.4035481 Figure Legend: Schematics of the domains used for the femoral implant problem. (a) Orthographic schematic of the idealized design domain, with proximal torsion and fixed distal boundary conditions shown, (b) Isometric sketch of ideal domain, (c) 2D slice of rasterized ideal domain (top right quarter only), (d) Isometric sketch of domain with collar added, and (e) 2D slice of rasterized domain with collar (top right quarter only).

Date of download: 1/1/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Physically Realizable Three-Dimensional Bone Prosthesis Design With Interpolated Microstructures J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(3):031013-031013-8. doi:10.1115/1.4035481 Figure Legend: Prosthetic designs displaying volume fraction, ρ. Slices taken from the back of the prosthesis to the front with the torque forcing clockwise in the page (i.e., torque axis is out of page). All designs shown have a base material with Young's modulus 60 GPa. Black is bone, white is void (a) m = 1, microstructure set A, (b) m = 1, microstructure set C, and (c) m = 2, microstructure set C. Note the filament-like structures with microstructure set A.

Date of download: 1/1/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Physically Realizable Three-Dimensional Bone Prosthesis Design With Interpolated Microstructures J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(3):031013-031013-8. doi:10.1115/1.4035481 Figure Legend: Stress distributions across the interface Π for: m = 1, microstructure set A (a) homogeneous and (b) inhomogeneous; m = 1, microstructure set C (c) homogeneous and (d) inhomogeneous; m = 2, microstructure set C (e) homogeneous and (f) inhomogeneous. An angle of 0 corresponds to the part of Π where y = 0, x > 0. Stress values have been truncated to the range [103, 106], however, some extreme values are outside this. Vertical striations are an artifact of the discretization. Note the reduction in shear stress concentrated at the proximal end (top) from the homogeneous ((b), (d), and (f)) to the inhomogeneous ((a), (c), and (e)) and the further reduction from the m = 1 case (c) to the m = 2 case (e).

Date of download: 1/1/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Physically Realizable Three-Dimensional Bone Prosthesis Design With Interpolated Microstructures J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(3):031013-031013-8. doi:10.1115/1.4035481 Figure Legend: Shear stress averaged on circles around the interface surface Π. Microstructure set C with a 60 GPa base material.

Date of download: 1/1/2018 Copyright © ASME. All rights reserved. From: Physically Realizable Three-Dimensional Bone Prosthesis Design With Interpolated Microstructures J Biomech Eng. 2017;139(3):031013-031013-8. doi:10.1115/1.4035481 Figure Legend: (a) Two renders of a potential design with microstructure cells 2.86 mm across, the left has one quadrant removed to show internal structure, the right is unmodified. (b) Two renders of a design similar to (a) with microstructure cells that are 800 μm across, giving pores at a scale relevant for bone in-growth [23,24]. (c) and (d) Photographs of the design in (a) manufactured using selective laser melting (SLM) [18].