B. Physicochemical features of the AQP1 water channel

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

3/2/20041 The Pituitary Gonadotropes. 3/2/20042 Illustrations from Principles of Neural Science by E. R. Kandel, J. H. Schwartz, and T. M. Jessell McGraw-Hill,

Advertisements

02-02 W. W. Norton Carpenter, M., Human Neuroanatomy, 7th edition. Baltimore, Maryland: William & Wilkins, © 1976 by Williams & Wilkins.

Water in biological pores-1

The pupillary light reflex is an important sign for determining the level of a brain stem lesion. In patients with depressed consciousness caused by metabolic.

C. The consequences of synaptic integration in ganglia 9 and 10 can be studied by selectively stimulating preganglionic inputs to B or C neurons and observing.

C. Selective stimulation of the two types of gamma motor neurons has different effects on the firing of the Ia fibers from the spindle. Without gamma stimulation.

C. When the weight is larger than expected, the object slips initially, but force is increased before lifting begins. When the subject begins to lift a.

B. Many muscles cross more than one joint to exert an effect on more than one body segment. For example, the hamstring muscles of the leg accelerate the.

B. In the actual case in which the ACh receptor-channel is permeable to both Na+ and K+, experimental results show that the end-plate current reverses.

C. Transgenic mice that express the CaMKII-Asp286 kinase and receive doxycycline perform as well as wild-type mice in learning the Barnes maze task (approximately.

Degradation. At the postsynaptic neuron tropolone inhibits the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which inactivates norepinephrine (6a). Normetanephrine.

The β adrenergic receptor (βAR)

B. Physicochemical features of the AQP1 water channel

D. Site of stroke is on the left parieto-frontal region

(Reproduced with permission from Jemal A, et al: Cancer statistics, CA Cancer J Clin 58:71, 2008.) Source: Chapter 17. The Breast, Schwartz's Principles.

B. The two hypothetical synergies in part A can generate the unique tuning curves for muscles M1 to M3 in response to all 16 directions of translation.

C. Asynchronous background input alone drives a low level of firing even in the absence of any signaling input, as seen by the two spikes that occur in.

D. The neural tube bends at the cephalic, pontine, and cervical flexures. Source: Patterning the Nervous System, Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon.

E. Dopaminergic neurons are located in the midbrain and hypothalamus

C. Nerve conduction studies demonstrate changes characteristic of an axonal neuropathy. When the ulnar nerve is stimulated above the elbow or at the wrist,

The eight single-neuron vector clusters and the population vectors shown here represent the activity of the same population of cells during reaching movements.

Relationship between duration of brachial plexus blockade of various local anesthetics and their degree of protein binding. [Reproduced with permission.

E. Dopaminergic neurons are located in the midbrain and hypothalamus

C. When muscle is diseased the number of muscle fibers in each motor unit is reduced. Some muscle fibers innervated by the two motor neurons shrink and.

B. More recent studies have subdivided the premotor cortex of macaque monkeys into several more functional zones with different patterns of cortical and.

B. Breathing becomes unstable during sleep at high altitudes in most normal individuals. The upper trace shows an example of a Cheyne-Stokes breathing.

The replication of DNA is semi-conservative, or "half saved

E. Dopaminergic neurons are located in the midbrain and hypothalamus

Neurons and other cells express a conserved death program

B. Transmitter release is measured by amperometry

C. Time-lapse cinematography captures the divisions and differentiation of isolated cortical progenitor cells in the rodent. Lineage diagrams illustrate.

Self-portraits by an artist following damage to his right posterior parietal cortex. Each portrait was drawn at a different time after the stroke: at 2.

C. The giant presynaptic terminals of bipolar neurons in the retina are more than 5 μm in diameter, permitting direct patch-clamp recordings of membrane.

D. A view of ion permeation through the channel illustrates the changes in occupancy of the various K+ binding sites. A pair of ions hops in concert between.

C. Neuronal activity of cortical and thalamic neurons becomes synchronized during a primary generalized seizure. The depolarization is dependent on conductances.

Kaplan-Meier survival for adult heart transplants performed between January 1982 and June 2006 by era. All comparisons are significant at p < (Reproduced.

Prostate cancer mortality as a factor of Gleason score and age at diagnosis in men managed conservatively. (Adapted, with permission, from Albertsen PC.

Chapter 7 Voluntary Movement.

Regulation of gating in ion channels

The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland both directly and indirectly through hormone- releasing neurons. Neurons in the magnocellular neuroendocrine.

(Adapted and reprinted with permission, from Hughes JM et al: Effect of lung volume on the distribution of pulmonary blood flow in man. Respir Physiol.

C. As the result of an MS plaque involving the posterior columns of the cervical cord, patients may experience an electric shock-like sensation traveling.

Adapted with permission from Hsia, J et al

C. Inhibitory interneurons in a relay nucleus are activated by three distinct excitatory pathways. Feed-forward inhibition is produced by the afferent.

B. Sensory information is weighted dynamically to maintain balance and orientation under varying conditions. The figure illustrates findings from an experiment.

C–D. Micrographs of a dorsal root ganglion cell (C) and a motor neuron (D) show the organelles in the cell body that are chiefly responsible for synthesis.

C. A peripheral nerve fiber is myelinated by a Schwann cell in several stages. In stage 1 the Schwann cell surrounds the axon. In stage 2 the outer aspects.

B. The discharge rate in the Ia sensory fiber of a spindle increases during slow flexion of a finger. This increase depends on alpha-gamma co-activation.

Principle of ion exchange in drug delivery systems

B. A deletion of genomic DNA encompassing only a single exon results in the clinically severe Duchenne muscular dystrophy. A larger deletion encompassing.

[From: Galli : et al: Emergency Orthopedics: The Spine

C. The arcuate neurons shown in part B project to multiple regions of the hypothalamus. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a convergence zone for many.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase "charges" a tRNA molecule by catalyzing the attachment of the correct amino acid. (Reprinted with permission from Brooker RJ:

A resonance hybrid structure for an amide bond is shown at top and is made up of two resonance forms. Resonance forms need not contribute equally to a.

(Reproduced, with permission, from Fulop M, et al

C. As the result of an MS plaque involving the posterior columns of the cervical cord, patients may experience an electric shock-like sensation traveling.

Explaining the action potential with channels, ions, and voltages

Conformational changes of the ion-permeation pathway.

Common Principles of Voltage-Dependent Gating for Hv and Kv Channels

Computational Studies of Membrane Channels

Volume 92, Issue 1, Pages (January 2007)

How Does a Voltage Sensor Interact with a Lipid Bilayer

Volume 98, Issue 8, Pages (April 2010)

Common Principles of Voltage-Dependent Gating for Hv and Kv Channels

A Gating Mechanism of the Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Wild-Type and Mutant Forms of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis MscL Channel Donald E. Elmore, Dennis A. Dougherty Biophysical.

Investigating Lipid Composition Effects on the Mechanosensitive Channel of Large Conductance (MscL) Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations Donald E. Elmore,

Mechanism of Anionic Conduction across ClC

Symmetry, Selectivity, and the 2003 Nobel Prize

TRPC5 ion conduction pathway compared with TRPC4 and other TRPCs

Presentation transcript:

B. Physicochemical features of the AQP1 water channel B. Physicochemical features of the AQP1 water channel. Three water molecules (purple) represent transient interactions with the pore-lining at discrete sites. Bulk water molecules (blue) occur in the extracellular and intracellular spaces. Three features of the channel make it selective for water. 1. The pore narrows 8 Å above the channel midpoint to a diameter of 2.8 Å. 2. At the narrowest region of the pore conserved residue (Arg-195) forms a barrier to cations, including protonated water (H3 O+). 3. Two short helixes meet at the channel midpoint, providing positively charged dipoles that reorient traversing water molecules, disrupting hydrogen bonding in the single-file chain of traversing water molecules and preventing the formation of proton conductance. (Adapted, with permission, from Kozono et al. 2002.) Source: The Blood–Brain Barrier, Choroid Plexus, and Cerebrospinal Fluid, Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon Citation: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ, Mack S. Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Editon; 2012 Available at: http://neurology.mhmedical.com/DownloadImage.aspx?image=/data/books/1049/kan_appd_f012.png&sec=59734037&BookID=1049&ChapterSecID=59138709&imagename= Accessed: January 01, 2018 Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved