A SEMINAR ON INDUSTRIAL NETWORKING STANDARDS FOR IMPROVED COMMUNICATION AND CONTROL PRESENTED BY MARK MARVELLOUS .P. 20061521963 (COE OPTION)

OUTLINE Industrial networking protocols and standards. Industrial Ethernet and the OSI reference model. Benefits of a switched Ethernet architecture. Physical layer topologies for industrial networks. Why industry is adopting layer 3 switches. SCADA communication system for industrial networking. Key examples of SCADA applications for control. Conclusion.

INDUSTRIAL NETWORKING PROTOCOLS AND STANDARDS INDUSTRIAL NETWORK PROTOCOLS (serial) Fieldbus protocols Ethernet-Based Protocols

Ethernet-Based Protocols EtherCAT Ethernet Powerlink Ethernet/IP Lon over Ethernet Modbus-TCP PROFINET SERCOS III VARAN CC-Link IE

(serial) Fieldbus protocols CANopen DeviceNet/ControlNet LonWorks Modbus-RTU PROFIBUS SERCOS I/II CC-Link Fieldbus Foundation H1

INDUSTRIAL NETWORK STANDARDS AS-Interface Interbus LonWorks CompoNet BITBUS SafetyBUS SERCOS interface ARCNet Token Ring FDDI(fibre distributed data interface)

INDUSTRIAL ETHERNET AND THE OSI REFERENCE MODEL Most controllers (with appropriate network connections) can transfer data from one network type to the other, leveraging existing installations, yet taking advantage of Ethernet. The fieldbus data structure is applied to Layers 5, 6, and 7 of the OSI reference model over Ethernet, IP, and TCP/UDP in the transport layer (Layer 4).

BENEFITS OF A SWITCHED ETHERNET ARCHITECTURE Predictable performance Increased speed up to 9.6kbits/s with RS-232 to 1Gbits/s with IEEE 802 over Cat5e/Cat6 cables. Standardization Better interoperability. DIFFICULTIES ASSOCIATED WITH INDUSTRIAL ETHERNET Difficulty in management of TCP/IP stack The minimum fast Ethernet frame size including inter-frame spacing is about 80 bytes, while typical industrial communication data sizes can be closer to 1-8 bytes. This often results in a data transmission efficiency of less than 5%, negating any advantages of the higher bit rate. Some of the industrial Ethernet protocols introduce modifications to the Ethernet protocol to improve efficiency.

PHYSICAL LAYER TOPOLOGIES FOR INDUSTRIAL NETWORKS Redundant star topology Switches and routers are connected in a hierarchical fashion. These switches provide connections for endpoint devices such as PLCs, robots, and HMIs.

Ring topology All devices are connected in a ring. Each device has a neighbour to its left and right. If a connection on one side of the device is broken, network connectivity can still be maintained over the ring via the opposite side of the device. Cabling complexity is a major concern.

Bus Topology It consists of one continuous length of cable (trunk) and a terminating resistor (terminator) at each end. All nodes on the bus topology have equal access to the trunk. Data communication message travels along the bus in both directions until it is picked up by a workstation or server NIC. Cost and simplicity over availability and performance.

WHY INDUSTRY IS ADOPTING LAYER 3 SWITCHES Rugged design Dual DC power inputs for power redundancy Wider operating temperature IP30 protection Higher reliability with fan-less design Communication redundancy

SCADA COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS FOR INDUSTRIAL NETWORKING A SCADA (or supervisory control and data acquisition) system means a system consisting of a number of remote terminal units (or RTUs) collecting field data connected back to a master station via a communications system. The master station displays the acquired data and also allows the operator to perform remote control tasks. The accurate and timely data (normally real-time) allows for optimization of the operation of the plant and process.

key examples of SCADA applications for control Public or Private Infrastructure: Electrical power transmission and distribution Oil and gas pipeline monitoring and control Industrial Processes (continuous, batch, or repetitive): Remote monitoring and control of oil and gas production, pumping, and storage at refineries from both offshore platforms and onshore wells. Electrical power distribution from nuclear, gas-fired, coal, or renewable resources.

CONCLUSION Because Industrial networking is a standard technology, it enables companies to take advantage of economies of scale, while still providing the flexibility needed to support their specific factory-floor requirements. A well-implemented Industrial network enables companies to more closely link their internal data networks with the factory floor to make the entire company’s operations more efficient. The future of the industrial automation environment holds the potential for significant, yet inexpensive, installation of many different networks throughout a plant that can yield tremendous information for managers to use to improve operations and profitability.

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