The Civil Rights Movement

Emmett Till 1955: 14 years old from Chicago Accused of whistling at a white store owner’s wife while visiting grandfather in Mississippi Taken from bed and beaten, eyes gouged out, and drown him by tying a cotton gin fan around his neck

Segregation 2 Types: -DeJure Segregation: by law (Jim Crow Laws) -DeFacto Segregation: done by practice or custom-not by law

Martin Luther King Jr. 26 yrs old during Montgomery Bus Boycott 1st President of Southern Christian leadership Conference (SCLC) March on Washington August 1963 -200,000 people -I Have a Dream Speech April 4, 1968 Killed by James Earl Ray on balcony hotel

Martin Luther King www.pbs.org

Malcolm X Became a Black Muslim in prison Replaced last name with X defied the sign of slavery by taking your owner’s last name Believed non-violence useless

Malcolm X Went on pilgrimage to Mecca Returned and realized Elijah teachings were wrong and switched to non-violence Killed Feb. 21, 1965 by three members of the Nation of Islam while giving a speech www.pbs.org

Police Tactics Fire Hoses Dogs Clubs Tear Gas

SNCC Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee started in North Carolina and then spread -college students of different races Woolworth Sit-In Also participated in Freedom Rides, March on Washington, etc

Freedom Riders Bus rides that took students into the South to help African Americans register to vote Many arrested or killed Why was registering to vote dangerous for African Americans?

How do You Prevent African American from Voting? Literacy Test Make it difficult to register Poll Tax Grandfather Clause

The Children’s Crusade Over 1000 students marched in Alabama to city hall in May 1963 Hundreds arrested

Birmingham Church Bombing Sept. 15, 1963: Sunday morning bomb thrown into basement Baptist Church Tension over registering to vote Killed four girls Done by KKK Turning point-seen on color tv in North Not until 2000-two out of four men serve sentences

Black Panthers A movement that came from the SNCC when Stokely Carmichael separated from the group in late 1960s Believed nonviolence not working and became a militant group mainly against police brutality

Black Power Salute 1968 Mexico City Olympics John Carlos and Tommie Smith do the Power to the People Salute Stripped of medals only recently returned

Selma Marches First on March 7, 1965 also known as “Bloody Sunday” Second on March 9th The third started on March 23 made it 51 miles Fighting for voting rights

Laws that Changed Civil Rights History Civil Rights Act 1964: -Signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson -Made Jim Crow laws illegal -Can not discriminate in public places, desegregated schools, can not discriminate in jobs, etc. ***Turning Point in the Civil Rights Movement

Laws that Changed Civil Rights History Voting Rights Act 1965: made poll tax and literacy tests illegal & stated can not discriminate against race when voting -Only federal employees can register people to vote not community members 24th Amendment: made poll taxes illegal

Loving vs. Virginia 1967 Overthrew Racial Integrity Act 1924 Made restricts on interracial marriage illegal How many of you can now exist?

Thurgood Marshall Howard University Law School 1933 Chief Counsel NAACP Lawyer Brown Family Brown vs. Board Education 1967 LBJ appointed him 1st African American Supreme Court Justice Died 1993

Laws that Changed Civil Rights Movement Civil Rights Act 1968: Banned discrimination in housing