Right Page 37: Left Page 35 Mitosis Mitosis Diagram(s) Happy Tuesday Bio-ninjas! Please READ ALL sections below! Journals: Table of Contents: Right Page 37: Mitosis Left Page 35 Mitosis Diagram(s) EQ: What happens during each phase of mitosis? Due today: Annotated Notes (Cell Cycle) TEST Analysis (due by Friday) One Day Late: (70) Two days Late: (50) Three Days Late: (0) HAVE ALL HOMEWORK, LATE WORK/EXTRA CREDIT OUT READY TO BE CHECKED!

CYCLE CELL GROW DIVIDE CYTOKINESIS INTERPHASE G1 G2 S-PHASE DNA Copy the passage into the left page of your notes from yesterday. Fill in the blanks using the word bank below: You may use your notes The _____________ _____________ is a series of steps that cells go through to ____________ and ___________. It can be split into three distinctive processes: ________________, mitosis and ___________________. The first process can be broken down into three distinctive sub-phases. During ____________ and ____________ the cell is carrying on normal cell functions like growing and producing proteins. However, during _____________ the cell’s _____________ is replicated. The cell cycle has _______________ along the way to make sure cells are not reproducing incorrect versions of themselves. In rare occurrences damaged or abnormal cells can get copied which can lead to ______________ or ________________. CYCLE CELL GROW DIVIDE CYTOKINESIS INTERPHASE G1 G2 S-PHASE DNA CHECKPOINTS TUMORS CANCER Grow, Cell Cycle, Divide, Cytokinesis, G1, Interphase, G2, Checkpoints, DNA, Cancer, S-phase, Tumors

Discuss with your partner Discuss with your partner. What would be the way to order the pictures below? What happens first, second, etc… A B C D E

The correct order… D A E C B

The student will describe the stages of the Today’s Standard: [BIO.5A] The student will describe the stages of the cell cycle, including mitosis and the importance of the cell cycle to the growth of organisms

CELL DIVISION: process where a cell divides into TWO identical daughter cells *purpose is to make an exact copy

G1 S G2 CELL CYCLE CYTOKINESIS INTERPHASE MITOSIS Today we will cover the last two parts of the cell cycle: Mitosis (M-phase) and Cytokinesis S G2

Chromosomes are tightly coiled DNA. DNA is located in the nucleus. Before we move on… The next few slides will be discussing chromosomes. As a student you’ll need to remember that Chromosomes are tightly coiled DNA. DNA is located in the nucleus.

Glue in and label CHROMATID CENTROMERE SISTER CHROMATIDS

There are many words that describe DNA in it’s various forms… DNA is usually found in the nucleus as chromatin during interphase Chromatin consists of complexes of small proteins known as histones and DNA. Histones help to organize DNA into structures called nucleosomes

MITOSIS (M phase): division of the cell’s nucleus MITOSIS (M phase): division of the cell’s nucleus *it is divided into FOUR PHASES aka: PMAT

Mitosis only occurs while cells are dividing Mitosis only occurs while cells are dividing. Cells perform mitosis for growth and repair. The tip of a root is growing almost constantly, therefore when we zoom in on an onion root tip we should see mitosis going on. Onion Root Tip Glue in mitosis strip

In most cases, living things grow by producing more cells.

All cells do not move through the cell cycle at the same rate All cells do not move through the cell cycle at the same rate. Muscle cells and nerve cells do not divide once they have developed. Skin, digestive tract, and bone marrow cells divide rapidly throughout life.

Centrosome: contains the centrioles and serves to organize microtubules Centrioles: pair of cylindrical organelles located in the centrosome that help organize the spindle fibers. Spindle: fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes.

Interphase: Nucleus is still visible Most cells are in this phase (includes G1, S, G2) *if you can see a nucleus…it’s interphase

What are the four phases of Mitosis? Umm, what the heck is a PMAT?

Prophase: Nucleus disappears, Individual chromosomes condense and are visible. centrioles separate to opposite sides of the cell *looks like noodles

Metaphase: Spindle fibers attach and line up chromosomes at the equator (center) of the cell *M means “middle”

ANAPHASE: the centromeres joining the sister chromatids split; chromosomes move away to opposite sides of the cell, near the poles of the spindle. *A means “away”

TELOPHASE: chromosomes are on opposite sides; nuclear membranes reappear to form two new nuclei (nuclei = more than 1 nucleus) *T means two

CYTOKINESIS: -division of the cytoplasm; two identical cells are produced -final stage of the cell cycle

Glue and label

Helpful Ways to Remember all of this! I-PMAT-C I Punched My Algebra Teacher’s Cat The Cell Cycle Cheer *Packers Make Another Touchdown-Cytokinesis

G1 S G2 CELL CYCLE CYTOKINESIS INTERPHASE MITOSIS PROPHASE METAPHASE ANAPHASE Ninja Skills Challenge: Sage/Scribe Activity Can you instruct your partner how to fill in the missing spaces without looking at your notes? G2 TELOPHASE

The cell cycle is an on-going process The cell cycle is an on-going process. The pictures below are “snapshots” of cells at various stages of mitosis. So, you may see a cell “on it’s way” to metaphase or anaphase. They will not stay in any phase permanently. The cells will continue through the process and repeat until they die.

Your turn…. 1 5 2 6 3 4