WHAT IS JOB DESIGN? Work arrangement or rearrangement aimed at reducing or overcoming job dissatisfaction and employee alienation arising from repetitive and mechanistic tasks. Trough job design, organizations try to raise productivity levels by offering non-monetary rewards such as greater satistaction from a sense of personal achievement in meeting the increased challenge and responsibility of one's work. Job enlargement, job enrichment, job rotation, and job simplication are the various techniques used in a job design exercise.

JOB ENLARGEMENT A job design technique in which the number of tasks associated with a job is increased (and appropriate training provided) to add greater variety to activities, thus reducing monotony. Job enlargement is considered a horizontal restructuring method in that the job is enlarged by adding related tasks. Job enlargement may also result in greater workforce flexibility.

JOB ENRICHMENT A job design technique that is a variation on the concept of job enlargement. Job enrichment adds new sources of job satisfaction by increasing the level of responsibility of the employee. While job enlargement is considered a horizontal restructuring method, job enrichment is a vertical restructuring method by virtue of giving the employee additional authority, autonomy, and control over the way the job is accomplished. Also called job enhancement or vertical job expansion.

JOB ROTATION A job design technique in which employees are moved between two or more jobs in a planned manner. The objective is to expose the employees to different experiences and wider variety of skills to enhance job satisfaction and to cross-train them.

JOB SIMPLICATION Job design technique in which jobs are broken into relatively simple tasks. It aims at greater productivity through reduced application of mental and/or physical effort. See also time and motion study.

DEPARTMENTALIZATION Definition Departmentalization involves the dividing of an organization into different departments, which perform tasks according to the departments' specializations in the organization. Departmentalization as a means of structuring an organization can be found in both public and private organizations.

DEPARTMENTALIZATION Functional Departmentalization An organization can be organized into departments based upon the respective functions each performs for the organization. For example, a manufacturing company may create a production department, sales and marketing department, an accounting department, and a human resources department. Functional departmentalization may be advantageous as it can increase efficiency and expertise because all related activities are performed in one place by one group of people that specialize in that activity

DEPARTMENTALIZATION Divisional Structure The divisional organizational structure is a type of organizational structure that groups each organizational function into a division . Organizations can be structured in various ways, and the structure of an organization can determine the modes in which it operates and performs. The divisional structure is one structure with associated advantages and disadvantages.