Chapter 9.2 The Rise of Russia Rome Byzantine Empire Russia See the Byzantine influence? Where? St. Basil’s Cathedral Moscow, Russia

Focus Q: Nov. 4 Do 9.1 Q’s on review sheet. 1-4, 9-12

Objectives: to learn about… Geography has big influence on Russian development. Russia rises in the east—Rome III?--leaders have absolute rule. Ivan (IV) the Terrible—first tsar.

This is important b/c…. Russia (USSR) will have similar kinds of leaders: absolute power. There is a new player in the power game in Europe and Asia.

Geography’s Influence 1 reason Russia developed differently than Europe is its unique geography. Ural Mountains (wooded hills) divide Europe and Asia Not an obstacle for migration ….relatively flat and north/south rivers…..

3 Regions: Northern Forests, farm land (Ukraine), Southern Steppe Lumber, animals for food and shelter Poor soil, cold climate bad for farming 2. Fertile land to South—Ukraine ***Home to Russia’s 1st civilization*** 3. Southern Steppe Open, treeless grassland—great pasture ***Great highway for nomads***

Rich Soil of the Steppes Chernozen Soil

Topography of Russia U R A L

Rivers Link Russia and Byzantium ***Rivers run north and south; they transported people, goods, ideas (trade)*** 1. Don, Ural, Dneiper, Volga Map on page 292

Dnieper Don

Volga Ural Dnieper Don

Kiev Grows Strong In Ukraine today Slavs lived there during Roman times, Vikings arrive in 700s, 800s Viking tribe, Rus, trade and collect tribute from Slavs ***Kiev is Rus capital, blend of Slav and Viking cultures*** ***center of the 1st Russian State***

Dnieper River

It’s funny honey…. If I got 50 cents for every failed math exam, I’d have $ 6.30 now. At a first date: He: “I work with animals every day!” She: “Oh how sweet! What is it that you do?” He: “I’m a butcher.”

Mongols Rule Russia 1200s, Mongol leader unites tribes, Genghis Khan—World Emperor Mongol armies—called the Golden Horde—b/c of the color of their tents Loot, burn Kiev and other towns Rule Russia for 150 years Fierce conquerors, not harsh rulers

The Mongols Invade Russia

Impact of Mongols on Russia Mongols convert to Islam, but tolerate Russian Orthodox Church Brought peace to area from China to Eastern Europe Russian merchants benefit from new trade routes across this region

Impact of Mongols on Russia ***Absolute power serves as model for later rulers*** ***Most importantly, Mongol rule cut Russia off from Europe and advances in arts, science***

Let’s think…….. Think of one positive and one negative result of Mongol rule in Russia.

Moscow takes the Lead Located near trading routes, Moscow's princes gain wealth and power Driving force behind Moscow’s success was Ivan the Great, Ruled northern Russia ***tried to limit the power of the landowning nobles*** Called tsar sometimes, Russian for Caesar Built framework for absolute rule

Ivan the Great (r. 1462-1505) Ivan III Tearing the Great Khan’s Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480.

Ivan the Terrible (1530-1584) Grandson of Ivan the Great 1st Russian officially crowned Tsar (at 17) Rules w/ terror and absolute power ***Made laws that tied serfs to the land*** Became more unstable after wife's death In fit of rage, killed his son Organized oprichniki, killed opponents, destroyed towns suspected of disloyalty

Ivan the Terrible Killing his son Nov. 16, 1581 “I have surpassed all sinners.”

Work on review sheet Questions 5-7, 13-17 Consult your friends and acquaintances 5 minutes, if you are on task