Elements and Compounds

What is an element? Cannot be broken down into simpler substances The smallest unit of a substance is a particle called an atom.

What is a compound? These form when two or more elements combine chemically. (Remember an element is made of only one substance.)

Asses your Understanding. Compounds form when __________________.

What is the difference?

Why is it Living things contain the element carbon. MOST (but not all) compounds that contain carbon are called organic. If there is NO carbon in the compound, the substance is said to be Inorganic.

Biomolecules/Organic Compounds

Carbohydrates Energy rich organic compounds Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen Glucose, a sugar, is produced during photosynthesis. Starch is stored energy for plants. Cellulose is a plant’s cell wall is a carbohydrate.

Lipids Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and some Oxygen Lipids help build the cell membrane. Fats, Oils, and Waxes are lipids. Stored Energy for Animals

Proteins Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen Most of a cell’s structure and function depend on these. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions and without these the chemical reactions would be too slow to maintain life. Why an amino acid line?

Nucleic Acids Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus These contain the instructions/code that cells need to carry out all the life functions. DNA: Most Found in Nucleus; Shape of a DOUBLE HELIX; Genetic Material that is passed form parent to offspring. RNA: Messenger, Transfer, and Ribosomal

Biomolecules (Page 67) Type of Compound Made of these Elements Function Carbohydrate CHO Main Source of Cellular Energy (Glucose); Cell Wall (Cellulose) Lipid Stores Energy; Part of the Make-up of Cell Membrane Protein CHON (Sulfur) Makes up Many Cell Structures; Enzymes Speed up Chemical Reactions Nucleic Acids CHONP Instructions/Code for all of Life and Life’s Activities

Remember Four elements make up most of the organic compounds in living things. What are they?

Is it a compound, element, or Mickey Mouse?

INORGANIC, Water Most chemical reactions in cells depend on substances that must be dissolved in water to react. Water is a necessary ingredient in many chemical reactions. Water helps the cell keep its shape. (Example: Large Vacuole in Plants) Water changes temperature slowly, so helpful with homeostasis in cells. Water is used in transport in and out of cells.