Earth Among the Stars Earth Rotates… Earth rotation causes…

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Presentation transcript:

Earth Among the Stars Earth Rotates… Earth rotation causes… 15o per hour From west to east On its axis tilted 23.5o Earth rotation causes… Apparent motion of Sun Apparent motion of the Moon across sky Apparent motion of the stars REMEMBER…they’re not moving, WE ARE!

Earth’s Rotation Axis points to Polaris Polaris is the “Pole Star” Stars close to the pole appear to move around Polaris These stars are CIRCUMPOLAR

CIRCUMPOLAR STARS

CIRCUMPOLAR STARS appear to rotate around Polaris They never set!

Star Apparent Motion Circumpolar constellations go around Polaris All other stars appear to rise in the East, move across the sky and set in the West

More Evidence of Earth’s Rotation Foucault’s pendulum will appear to change its direction of swing… If Earth did not rotate it would continue to swing in its normal direction!

Even MORE Evidence for Rotation Coriolis Effect… Objects moving over the earth are deflected (curve away) from their direction of motion This is caused by Earth’s Rotation! Northern Hemisphere – right curve Southern Hemisphere – left curve

Evidence for Earth’s Revolution Earth revolves 360o in 365 days… about 1o per day! Causes the change in seasons! Stars change positions in different seasons! We see different constellations through the year!

Constellations Change Places!

What does revolution cause? In June, we see Scorpio at night In August, we See Capricorn

Earth’s Orbital Path Earth’s orbit LOOKS circular…but its an ellipse! The orbits of ALL PLANETS are ELLIPTICAL Perihelion Aphelion

EARTH’s orbit is SLIGHTLY ECCENTRIC! EARTH is farther to the sun EARTH is closer to the sun 152 million km 147 million km When is perihelion? When is aphelion? Jan. 4th…WINTER! July 1st …SUMMER!

Appearance of Sun Changes with Varying Distance BIGGER in WINTER smaller in summer

SPEED of EARTH in its ORBIT EARTH travels faster at PERIHELION… And slower at aphelion Perihelion Aphelion The gravitational attraction to the sun is greater!

ELLIPSE SHAPES Eccentricity: How “out of round” an ellipse is!

ELLIPSE ECCENTRICITY Eccentricity = Distance between foci Length of Major Axis 2.0 Eccentricity = 2.0 4.0 4.0 Eccentricity = 2.0 / 4.0 =

ELLIPSE ECCENTRICITY Eccentricity = Distance between foci Length of Major Axis Calculate the eccentricity of an ellipse… Distance between the foci= 2.3cm Length of the major axis is 9.2cm

Planet Eccentricity Check out the ESRT… Planetary Data Which planet has the greatest eccentricity? What does this mean? Which planet has the lowest eccentricity? Does there seem to be a relationship between eccentricity and a planet’s distance to the sun? Explain…