The Spanish-American War Causes and Effects
Cuba: A Colony of Spain Cuba and Puerto Rico colonies of Spain Cuba produced 1/3 of world’s sugar 1/3 of Cubans were enslaved on sugar plantations until 1886 Several rebellions against Spain and attempts to self-govern
U.S. Economy and Cuba Cuba exported sugar to U.S. Americans invested $50 million in Cuba’s sugar plantations, mines, and railroads U.S. imposes new tariff (import/export tax) on sugar coming from Cuba Plummets the Cuban economy
Cuban Rebellion 1895 Financial crisis causes unrest Rebellion! Rebels seized control of Eastern Cuba Declared independence from Spain Established the Republic of Cuba in September 1895
American Support for Cuba Compared Cuban struggle against Spanish to American struggle against British (American Revolution) Americans smuggle guns from Florida to Cuban rebels
Yellow Journalism Sensationalist reporting- exaggerated or even made up to attract readers Stories of Spanish atrocities (starving people, women and children killed, violence, etc.) “Spanish feeding Cuban prisoners to sharks and dogs” “Blood on the roadsides, blood in the fields, blood on the doorsteps, blood, blood, blood!”
Rebels vs. Spain 200,000 Spanish troops sent to Cuba Cuban hit-and-runs Burned plantations and sugar mills Attacked Spanish supplies and railroads Rebels hoped the mass destruction would get the Americans involved Spanish send Cubans to “reconcentration camps” Thousands die of starvation and disease
American Response Outrage at atrocities President McKinley won’t risk American lives and damage economy No intervention Cuban riots in Havana McKinley sent battleship U.S.S. Maine to evacuate Americans living there
U.S.S. Maine Explosion Unknown cause Yellow Journalists blame the Spanish “Remember the Maine! To hell with Spain!” Americans demand a declaration of war Americans prepare for war $50 million from Congress Jingoism-aggressive nationalism Democrats support war, Republicans fear election results if McKinley doesn’t declare war
Spanish-American War Begins Congress proclaims Cuba as independent nation U.S. demands Spanish withdrawal from Cuba McKinley authorized to use armed force against Spanish Spain declares war on U.S. U.S. declares war on Spain