History & Culture of Computing

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Presentation transcript:

History & Culture of Computing CS 121 Overview

History & Culture of Computing With all the good stuff left out History & Culture of Computing With all the good stuff left out! You (the class) will fill in the interesting details!

The Big Picture Development of Thinking Machines Names in CS Software Development Careers Preparation What’s Next?

Hardware: Early Automation Special-purpose machines Antikythera Mechanism (100 BC) Jacquard Loom (1801)…punched cards Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine (1890)…cards Turing’s Bombé (WWII)

Hardware: Early Automation General—purpose “calculators” Pascaline (1642) Babbage’s Difference Engine (ca. 1820) Punched cards…again

Hardware: Programmable Machines Babbage’s Analytic Engine (ca. 1830) Konrad Zuse, Z3 (1941) Perforated strips of film Binary encoding

Hardware: Programmable Machines Electromechanical machines (30’s, 40’s) Mark I is an example Slow Electronic/digital machines (40’s to present) ENIAC is an example

Breakthroughs Mechanical devices are slow Speed of electronic devices More distance means slower work TubestransistorsIntegrated Circuits Microprocessors

Breakthroughs Ideas Turing: Computability Theory Von Neumann: Shared memory Zuse: High-level language

Breakthroughs Storage Cards & paper tape Magnetic drums, magnetic tape Hard disks, diskettes CD-ROM, DVD-ROM Flash memory

Breakthroughs Trend has been faster, smaller, and cheaper …and MORE more processors, more memory

Programming Processor responds to binary instructions Machine language is difficult to write High-level languages More like natural language Translated by a program into binary

Programming Zuse designed a high-level language None were actually built until 50’s Early: ForTran, ALGOL, COBOL Newer: C, Pascal, java, and dozens more

Personal Computing Intel 4004 microprocessor (1971) Altair 8800, 1975, first “home computer” 1977: Apple II and Radio Shack TRS-80 1981: IBM PC (late to the game!) 1984: Apple Macintosh…GUI OS, mouse

Birth of Microsoft Altair and machine language Bill Gates & Paul Allen provide BASIC Later, PC-DOS & MS-DOS.

Networking Cold war, Science Lethargy, & Sputnik (50’s) ARPA, ARPANet, NSFNet (60’s) TCP/IP, Packet-switching (Sharla Boehm) 1980’s: Dial-up services (Compuserve, AOL) HTTP && World-wide web (early 1990’s)

Malware Downside of Connectivity Viruses (embed in other programs) Worms (self-replicating) Trojan Horse

Security Threats Denial of Service…using your computer Phishing…to gain access Ransomware

Geek Culture Historically overlooked accomplishments of women Internalizes oddball humor (GNU, Python) Embraces science fiction

Where Next? Who knows? We find new things to automate every day. Smart phones, Self-driving cars, the “Internet of Things” Open minds & quick learning are needed!