Jeopardy Final Jeopardy Barbiturates $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 Benzodiazepines Anti-Parkinson’s Agents Seizures/ Anticonvulsants Safe Nursing Practice $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Final Jeopardy

1 - $100 Barbiturates Act on the reticular formation area of the brainstem to do what? (list 2 thngs) Reduce nerve impulses to the cerebral cortex Inhibit nerve impulse transmission by potentiating an inhibitory amino acid known as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

1 - $200 In low doses, barbiturates act as _______ In high doses, they act as _______ Sedatives Hypnotics

1 - $300 What do barbiturates do to the seizure threshold? List some things that barbiturates are used to treat. Raise the threshold Used for treatment of status epilepticus, tetanus, and drug-induced convulsions. A select few are used as prophylaxis for epileptic seizures.

1 - $400 List the side effects of barbiturates and what to look for in toxicity Excessive CNS depression, drowsiness, lethargy, dizziness, hypersensitivity reactions, excitement, depression of the REM sleep cycle Confusion, Excitement, Deep sleep, Coma, Pupil constriction, Cyanosis, Clammy skin, Hypotension

1 - $500 Briefly describe the differences between ultra short acting, short / intermediate acting, and long acting barbiturates Ultra short – used as IV anesthetics, usually in combination with an inhalational agent. Duration of action can be as brief as several seconds Short / Intermediate – used in treating insomnia, rapid onset of action and short duration of action Long – used to treat seizure disorders, may be used a s sedatives, prolonged action

2 - $100 What systems of the brain to benzodiazepines affect? Hypothalamic, thalamic, and limbic

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2 - $300 Lis characteristics of benzodiazepines and give examples of some Useful hypnotics, calming on CNS, control agitation and anxiety, relax skeletal muscle, does not affect REM, used in treatment of alcohol withdrawal diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), midazolam (Versed)

2 - $400 What does an overdose result in, and what is the treatment? An overdose results in somnolence, confusion, coma, and diminished reflexes Treatment is flumazenil (Romazicon), reverses the sedative effects of benzodiazepines

2 - $500 What should you monitor for in patients taking benzodiazepines? Vertigo, dizziness, oversedation, effectiveness, monitor children and older adults closely, monitor carefully in patients who are suicidal, depressed, or known drug abusers, closely monitor digoxin levels

3 - $100 What are the 3 classes of Antiparkinson’s agents? Dopaminergic Anticholinergic Catechol-O-Methyltransferase inhibitors

3 - $200 Explain how Catechol-O-Methyltransferase inhibitors work and list adverse effects Their use results in blocking the degradation of catecholamines including dopamine and levodopa. This may lead to more sustained levels of dopamine in the CNS Liver failure, dyskinesia, orthostatic hypotension, dystonia, somnolence, GI irritation

3 - $300 Discuss anticholinergic agents and give examples of some Reduce excessive cholinergic brain activity, used for clients with minimal symptoms, often used in adjunct with other agents Example: artane

3 - $400 How does a cholinesterase inhibitor work? (Apokyn) Rapid rescue from the frozen, or undermedicated state. Happens within 4-8 minutes of subcutaneous injection, increases dopamine activity

3 - $500 How does levodopa work and what are the adverse effects? Enters in the blood stream, it is rapidly converted in the peripheral circulation  too dopamine by the enzyme dopadecadecarboxylase increasing the dopamine content in the brain.​ nausea, vomiting, and orthostatic hypotension, arritmias.​

4 - $100 Define epilepsy, seizure, and convulsion Epilepsy- an electrical disorder of the brain that is characterized by excessive electrical discharge of nerves in the cerebral cortex Seizure- a brief episode of abnormal electrical activity in the nerve cells Convulsion- spasmodic contractions of involuntary muscles

4 - $200 What are generalized tonic-clonic seizures characterized by? Sudden crying, falling, and rigidity followed by muscle jerks, shallow breathing or temporary apnea and possible loss of bladder and bowel control​

4 - $300 What is the goal of anticonvulsants? Prevent the generation and spread of excessive discharges in the brain. Protect normal cells.

4 - $400 What are the therapeutic effects of anticonvulsants? List examples of some. Stabilize nerve cells and prevent hyperexcitability, Prevent the generation of hyperactive neurons, Prevent abnormal impulses from spreading

4 - $500 Discuss patient/family teaching regarding anticonvulsants Provide information about epilepsy, teach that doses should not be increased, decreased or discontinued without discussion with the prescriber, advise women of child bearing age to use reliable contraception

5 - $100 Nursing interventions to relieve sleep pattern disturbances include what? Relief of pain, anxiety, and hunger, and promotion of schedule consistency

5 - $200 What should you avoid mixing in the same syringe as meperidine HCL? Sodium salts of barbiturates

5 - $300 What should you monitor in children receiving anticonvulsants? Growth and development

5 - $400 Clients receiving COMT therapy should have periodic monitoring of what? Liver function

5 - $500 Do not exceed how many mg of IV phenytoin in adults? And what should you monitor for during the IV administration? 50mg/min Vital signs and for hypotension

Final Jeopardy Type question to appear here Type answer to appear with a mouse-click here