Mohamed Ali Daw, MD, PhD, FTCDI,MPS Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus in Immigrants Crossing to Europe from North and Sub-Saharan Africa This is your introductory slide – use it to introduce yourself and your paper Mohamed Ali Daw, MD, PhD, FTCDI,MPS Department of Medical Microbiology &Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tripoli-LIBYA

Summary A 14205 serum samples were collected from African immigrants coming from North and Sub-Saharan Africa resided in Tripoli-Libya (2013-2015) The total anti-core antibodies (anti-HBc), the surface antigen (HBsAg) and the protective anti-surface antigen antibodies (anti-HBs) were measured using immunoenzymatic assays . The data was correlated with demographic and potential risk factors within the recruited individuals. Replace this box with an image Provide a summary of your main findings, and the major relevant points. If possible, include an image that illustrates your research.

Why this study is important ? A rare study highlighting the status HBV infections among immigrants before the final settlement in EU countries The study could be used as a vehicle for further understanding to the epidemiology of HBV in African countries which rarely studied. This is more likely to influence EU countries health care system regarding viral screening and guide lines HIV infection Explain the importance and relevance of your research, putting it in context.

Background Sub-Saharan Africa have been considered to harbor the highest prevalence of HIV. Mass migration has been on the upswing in recent years particularly from North and sub-Saharan Africa. HBV infections among African immigrants are rarely studied particularly before resettlement. The study aimed to determine 1-the prevalence of HBV among African immigrants gather in Libya on their way to Europe 2- HBV-HIV-HCV coinfection and genotypes among HIV infected immigrants and its correlation different demographic factors. Provide additional information or references, or add an image or figure here Provide relevant background information that helps elucidate your findings.

Methods Population studied Region/Country No. of immigrants/Year Sample size (%) Ratio* 2013 2014 2015 Central Africa   Chad 379 978 1200 2557 1:6 Central Africa total 2557 (18) West Africa Burkina Faso/Ivory Coast 160 177 230 567 1:25 Niger /Mali 750 1038 1687 3475 1:4 Nigeria/Ghana 300 305 346 951 1:13 West Africa total 1210 1520 2263 4993 (35.2) 1:3 Horn of Africa (East Africa) Eritrea 320 250 227 797 1:18 Somalia 660 715 637 2012 1:7 Ethiopia 270 215 1:20 East Africa total 1250 1195 1097 3.524 (24.8) North Africa Nile River Region Egypt 326 153 138 617 1:23 Sudan 459 580 859 1898 Maghreb Region Maghreb countries ** 238 197 181 616 North Africa total 1023 930 1178 3131 (22) Total 3862 (27.2) 4623 (32.5) 5720 (40.3) 14205 Present your main methods: in a nutshell, what did you do?

Results The prevalence of HBV and HBV co-infections (HCV and HIV) in African immigrants crossing to Europe from North and Sub-Saharan Africa;2013-2015 Region/Country Serological status, no (%) HBV/HCV Co-infection HBV/HIV co-infection Sample size (%) HBs Ag positive HBs Ag negative/anti-HBc positive Central Africa   Chad 2557 325 (12.7) 1401(54.8) 133(5.2) 8(0.3) Central Africa total 2557(18) 325(12.7 ) 133 (5.2) 8 (0.3) West Africa Burkina Faso/Ivory Coast 567 78(13.8) 336(59.3) 47 (8.3) 17(2.9) Niger /Mali 3475 400(11.5) 1859(53.5) 222 (6.4) 14(0.4) Nigeria/Ghana 951 135(14.2 ) 544(57.2) 75(7.9) 20(2.1) West Africa total 4993 (35.2) 613 (12.3) 2793(54.9) 344(6.9) 51(1.0) Horn of Africa (East Africa) Eritrea 797 98(12.3) 264 (33.1) 28 ( 3.5) 6(0.8) Somalia 2012 374(18.6) 296 (14.7) 97(4.8) 8(0.4) Ethiopia 715 105(14.7) 370 (51.7) 44 (6.2) 9(1.3) East Africa total 3524 (24.8) 577(16.4) 930(26.4) 169(4.8) 23(0.7) North Africa Nile River Region Egypt 617 40(6.5) 94(15.2) 91(14.7) 1(0.1) Sudan 1898 158 (8.3) 791(41.7) 55(2.9) 6(0.3) Maghreb Region Maghreb countries ** 616 32 (5.2) 104 (16.9) 19(3.1) 1(0.2) North Africa total 3131 (22) 230(7.3) 989((31.6) 165(5.3) Total 14205 1745(12.3) 6113(43.0) 811(5.7) 90(0.6) frame) Talk through your results – what stood out? What surprised you?

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Concepts and future steps A higher prevalence of HBV and HIV-HCV co-infections with distinct variation among immigrants. Further studies on following up the epidemiology of HBV among immigrants during final resettlement are needed. Neoliberal policies of HBV prevention should be introduced and extended beyond the European borders to reach Africa Provide additional information, or add an image or figure here Talk about next steps and future work. Where do your conclusions lead? If you’ve worked on a medical treatment or product, what’s the next step in its development? Are you working on a related but different project? Here’s the place to point readers to your new research.