Energy Efficient Solutions for The Inn at Otter Crest Capstone Team: Abdulaziz Alnassar, Lee Han, Osman Kucuk, Kevin Murray, Natalie Sherwood, Huy Tran, Andrey Volodkin Capstone Advisor: Dr. Huafen Hu Sponsored By: Inn at Otter Crest Homeowner Association

Overview Background Mission Statement Project Plan Research & Data Collection System Selections Financial Analysis Conclusion

Background Constructed in 1972 35 Acres Mixed Property Usage 27 buildings, 144 total units All electric heating – no natural gas

Mission Statement Reduce energy consumption Cut the Inn’s electrical bill by 20% Provide cost effective solutions Achieve a maximum of 6 year payback

Project Plan Research and Brainstorm ↓ Data Collection and client interviews Energy Modeling and load calculations System selection ↕ Payback analysis

Research What affects residential energy consumption? Heating equipment efficiency Domestic hot water Tightness of building envelope Efficiency of lighting and appliances Occupancy and temperature control

Data collection

Climate Analysis Weather Data – Energy models and heating system design Average monthly dry - bulb temperatures Solar Data – Renewable energy analysis Annual incident solar radiation

Design and Utility Data Design Conditions – Heating system sizing ASHRAE standard heating design data Smart Meter Data – Utility billing information Detailed breakdown of kW (demand) and kWh (consumption) for each meter

Inverse Modeling Energy Signature Model Inverse modeling technique Regression Equation Output from MatLab FH = α + β (TB – TOA)+ α = Base level consumption β = Heating Slope TB = reference temperature (Balance point temp)   R2 = 0.9432 α = 4960 kWh/month β = 424.69kWh/month/°F TB = 55.34 °F

eQuest Model Calibration Model eQuest

Solutions Ruled Out Envelope Solar Domestic Hot Water Windows and Insulation updated around 2000 Envelope modifications are costly and invasive Solar High cost ~ $3,617,310 23 year payback Domestic Hot Water Limited space Long payback Health issues

Final Selection & Cost Analysis Utility Bill Distribution 2014 (20 Meters) Category Total Charge Percent of Total Bill Base Charge $8,881.92 6.62% Demand Charge $19,157.91 14.27% Kwh Charge $106,202.70 79.11% Total $134,242.53 100% Final selection is based on Simple Payback – 6 years Utility bill consists of: Base charge Demand charge Kwh charge Cost analysis effective rate - $0.11/kWh Total kWh 2014 Total Bill Effective Utility Rate per kWh 1259760 $134,242.53 $0.11

Final Selections – LED Lighting LED Benefits: Higher efficiency – 9 watt/light bulb Longer life expectancy – 7.5 years for 11 operating hours per day Exterior light – Total on property = 454 light bulbs

Cost Analysis – LED Lighting Light Bulb Information Bulb Type $/bulb Watts/bulb Life Expectancy (year) Utility Cost (year) CFL $3.00 14 2.5 $6.18 LED $10.00 9 7.5 $3.97 Simple payback calculation Incremental purchase price Incremental cost saving Payback Year Saving in 6th year $7.00 $2.21 3.17 $5,512.28 $3,150 $993.71

Final Selections – Heat Pump Heat pumps: Two 50,000 Btuh per 8 unit building One 50,000 Btuh per 4 unit building -Installation should be straightforward -Better efficiency and heat distribution

Cost Analysis – Mini Split System Heat Pump Information Cost per heat pump HP per Building 16 building total cost Incentive Value Total Capital Cost $3,000 2 $96,000.00 $16,000.00 $80,000.00 Heat Pump Savings - Annually   kWh Saved Cost Savings Average 10192 $1,121.12 Total Builing 163072 $17,937.92 Simple payback calculation Incremental purchase price Incremental cost saving Payback Year Saving in 6th year $80,000.00 $17,938.00 4.46 $27,627.58

Cost Analysis – Demand Reduction Current Billing Schedules Utility Schedule Current Bill 2014 Utility Cost S-190 4 $134,242.53 S-200 16 Proposed Change to S-190 Annual Utility Cost Difference/Saving $87,254.52 $46,988.01 What contributes to demand Occupant behavior (mainly)

Conclusion/Recommendations Reduce energy consumption Heat Pumps - 13.4Savings LED + Heat Pumps – 14.1% Projected additional savings from demand – 30-35% Provide cost effective solutions Both solutions – 4 years simple payback Annual Saving Systems Savings Percent of 2014 Bill LED Lights $993.71 0.7% Heat Pump $17,937.93 13.4% HP + Lighting $18,931.64 14.1% No Demand Charge $46,988.01 35.0% Further Recommendations Detailed occupancy data is required to further research demand reduction strategies

Questions ????