A Brief History of Color

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Presentation transcript:

A Brief History of Color

The First Colors: More than 15,000 years ago, cave people used Earth pigments: yellow ochre (clay) red ochre (clay) white chalk carbon black (burnt animal fat) YUM!  They are still used today but in different formats

The Egyptians, Chinese, Greeks and Romans then modified and contributed to the use of color: Egyptians-Cinnabar-mineral (1st bright red) Chinese- Vermillion (TOXIC orangey-red) Greeks- White lead (first completely opaque white but TOXIC!-Used for awhile) Romans- Inherited palette of all three but contributed Tyrian Purple for Emperor’s togas-more on that later!

Then what happened??? Not much! Renaissance gives greater Earth pigments by roasting—Burnt Umber & Burnt Sienna.Terra Verte (green earth) is typical under painting of flesh in paintings. Early 19th Century-Industrial Revolution, Impressionists use oils in tubes, and modern chemical colors created.

RED: Can signify love, danger, good luck (China), evil, or wealth (India-Goddess Lakshmi) Cinnabar (rock mineral), vermilion Cochineal- “Carmine”-STILL used today in food coloring and COSMETICS! Check your lipsticks!

ORANGE: Named after the Sanskrit word, “narangah” for the fruit. Realgar-toxic red-orange color from volcanic minerals used from ancient times to Renaissance and up to 19th Century.

YELLOW: Derived from the earth, arsenic, plants and even cow’s urine! Cows were force-fed mango leaves and urine was evaporated to produce powder. Symbolic: warmth, light, sickness or cowardice

GREEN: Early green pigments contained copper and arsenic (TOXIC!) Symbolic: signifies life or hope; poison, envy; traditionally worn as fertility symbol in Western Europe at weddings; currently as ecology

BLUE: Ancient: Woad (“Brave heart”) Like the Indigo plant, it’s a shrub where ancient Brits would paint their face Ultramarine- Ground from rare stone, Lapis Lazuli, was more expensive than gold! In Renaissance, usually most important person had this pigment—ex.: Virgin Mary Symbolic: calm, soothing, sadness or depression

Empty space In bottom right Is left for Mary. He probably waited for shipment of Lapis Lazuli.

PURPLE (or VIOLET): Named for “Violette”-French Flower Tyrian Purple: From Roman times, one of the most expensive dyes. Made from the ink of the Murex or sea snail. 12,000 mollusks produced 1/20th of an oz.! AND IT STUNK!!! Symbolism: Royalty or wealth