Immunity and Immunizations Body’s ability to resist disease -natural present at birth i.e. skin, tears -acquired Two types of acquired immunity: Naturally acquired: get the disease i.e. chicken pox Artificially acquired: receive a vaccine i.e. measles, mumps, rubella

Immunity and Immunizations Body produces antibodies to foreign substances to protect itself Vaccines: dead or “attenuated” (weakened) organism that stimulates the body to produce antibodies

Immunity and Immunizations Diptheria, Pertussis, Tetanus “DPT” Diptheria: causes a false mucous membrane in the throat, -difficult to breathe, eat or drink -fatal if not treated

Immunity and Immunizations Pertussis or “Whooping Cough” -gradual onset of flu like symptoms -characterized by a cough that sounds like a whoop -complications come from secondary infections

Immunity and Immunizations Tetanus (lockjaw) Enters the body through a puncture wound or baby’s umbilical cord Tetanus is found in dirt and soil, rust etc. Affects the central nervous system Causes muscle spasms through out the body Can be FATAL if not treated! Vaccine is good for 10 years

Immunity and Immunizations Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) Measles: (Rubeola) viral, affects skin and respiratory systems Complications include pneumonia and encephalitis Mumps: viral, affects lymph glands, especially those under the ear and throat Complications result in swelling and inflammation of the testicles causing sterility

Immunity and Immunizations Measles Mumps

Immunity and Immunizations Rubella (German Measles) viral Complications are to the unborn fetus exposed to Rubella, can cause brain damage

Immunity and Immunizations Polio Spread through air droplets entering the mouth Complications include paralysis if untreated Epidemic before a vaccine was created (1950’s) IVP inactivated polio or dead polio virus OVP oral dose of live, weakened virus, no longer recommended in the USA due to complications

Immunity and Immunizations Iron Lung Ward

Immunity and Immunizations Iron Lung

Immunity and Immunizations FDR

Immunity and Immunizations Haemophilus Influenza B “HIB” Very serious disease which results in meningitis if untreated Recommended for college students due to crowded living conditions

Immunity and Immunizations Hepatitis B (Hep. B) Don’t confuse it with HIB Viral, transmitted through blood and body fluids All health care workers should receive the vaccine Provides life time immunity

Immunity and Immunizations Varicella “chicken pox” Spread through air droplets Now have a vaccine for varicella to hopefully prevent complications: meningitis

Immunity and Immunizations All school age children are required to be properly immunized There are 2 exemptions to required immunizations: 1. medical: due to adverse reactions or contraindications for that child, this must be documented by a licensed physician and these documents must follow the permanent student record

Immunity and Immunizations 2. religious: documentation must be placed in the permanent record stating the religious objection to immunizations Religion must be a “recognized” religion Objections based on a “scientific belief” of personal belief is not considered a religious exemption