The authors thank Embrapa for financial support. Selection of interspecific lines at the first backcross generation for the runner market in Brazil Taís de Moraes Falleiro Suassuna1*, Nelson Dias Suassuna1, Soraya Cristina de Macedo Leal Bertioli2, David John Bertioli3, Márcio de Carvalho Moretzsohn2 & Everaldo Paulo de Medeiros1 1Embrapa Cotton, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. 2Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, Brazil, 3Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.Tais.Suassuna@embrapa.br INTRODUCTION The development of leaf spots resistant, high oleic runner cultivars is one of the main demands from the peanut growers in Brazil. Since 2011, twelve progenies of the BC1F3 population [Arachis hypogaea cv. Runner IAC 886 x (A. ipaënsis x A. duranensis)4x], developed at Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, and lines derived from them are under evaluation for leaf spots resistance, production and oil quality in the Peanut Breeding Program at Embrapa. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two partial resistant lines and 42 runner lines were selected among these interspecific progenies in previous evaluations. The partial resistant lines were used for the generation of new breeding populations, in combination with partial resistant, high oleic runner cultivars. Selection of individual plants was performed in these new breeding populations; oleic and linoleic acids content were estimated by measuring near-infrared from 1 mL of peanut oil seeds from each selected plant. The procedure was developed based on transflectance obtained in a NIR spectrometer (XDS ™ Masterlab, Inc Foss, Höganäs, Sweden), in the Advanced Chemistry Laboratory of Embrapa Cotton. The 42 runner lines were evaluated under augmented blocks design, with three replications and four controls. Plot was formed by one line three meters long, spaced 0.76 cm between rows. Both cultivation of breeding populations and runner lines test were carried out at Embrapa Rice and Beans. Resume of analysis of variance and genetic parameters estimated for pod yield evaluated in 42 interspecific runner lines, Embrapa Rice and Beans, 2012/13 crop season Lines P(0.03) General mean 3786.3 Common treat. Mean 4253.6 Lines mean 3652.8 General CV 18.5 Coef. of determination (%) 80.6 Coef. of gen. variation (%) 39.0 Razão Cvg/Cve 2.0 Line 2012-33 7759.9 kg.ha-1 Line 2012-47 5969.7 kg.ha-1 Line 2012-65 5253.3 kg.ha-1 A. hypogaea IAC-Runner-886 4253.6 kg.ha-1. RESULTS Four high oleic runner lines in F4 were selected in the populations derived from the partial resistant lines. Evaluation of the 42 runner lines detected significant difference in production (Table 1) and a good experimental condition for selection of superior genotypes. The lines with highest production were derived from progenies LPM 12 (line 2012-47, 5969.7 kg.ha -1), LPM 20 (line 2012-33, 7759.9 kg.ha -1) and LPM 22 (line 2012-65, 5253.3 kg.ha -1). The recurrent parent yielded 4253.6 kg.ha-1. The potential of wild Arachis species in breeding has been noticed since the 1970s, and recent reports detected the contribution of wild species for several agronomic traits. However, an intensive backcrossing program is the most common approach to recover production and market pattern. The generation of breeding populations using the selected genotypes in combination with high yielding/partial resistant high oleic cultivars is an alternative approach to the traditional backcrossing programs, in order to improve oil quality and select partial resistant/highly productive genotypes. The variability observed for agronomic traits in the progenies and lines derived from these BC1 plants allowed us to select genotypes with high production and potential for cultivar release. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank Embrapa for financial support.