Charts, Chart Projections and Publications

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Presentation transcript:

Charts, Chart Projections and Publications AXE YACHT CLUB

Projections Chart is a 2-D representation of a 3-D shape. The Earth is an “oblate spheroid” - we use a “model” of the earth as the basis for the chart - this is the chart’s geographic datum. Conversion from 3-D to 2-D is achieved by “projection”. AXE YACHT CLUB

Projections Two systems of projection are used for nautical charts: Mercator Gnomic AXE YACHT CLUB

CHART PROJECTIONS Mercator Transverse Mercator Latitude Longitude W N E S Used for Large Scale charts where meridians appear parallel Longitude AXE YACHT CLUB

Mercator Projection Advantages Lines of Longitude and Parallels of Latitude both appear as parallel lines. Very good at representing direction Disadvantages Distances are distorted specially towards the poles. Straight lines are not the shortest distance between two points. AXE YACHT CLUB

CHART PROJECTIONS Longitude Latitude Gnomonic AXE YACHT CLUB

Gnomic Projection Advantages Disadvantages Good in Polar areas where Mercator is very distorted. Shortest distance between two points is a straight line on the chart. Disadvantages Too much distortion of distance, direction, shape and area as you move away from the “tangent” point, hence only useful for small area or polar charts. AXE YACHT CLUB

RHUMB LINE SAILING Gnomonic Projection Mercator Projection Great Circle Rhumb Line Mercator Projection Gnomonic Projection AXE YACHT CLUB

Positions on Charts Latitude and Longitude Bearing and distance AXE YACHT CLUB

LATITUDE & LONGITUDE x Northern Hemisphere Meridian Latitude Equator Longitude (from Greenwich) Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere Equator Latitude Meridian Longitude x AXE YACHT CLUB

Bearing and Distance N 121T Sandy Point 4.2’ AXE YACHT CLUB

Mercator Projection –Measuring Distance Distance is measured on the Latitude scale at the same latitude as the distance is being measured. One MINUTE of latitude is one NAUTICAL MILE. AXE YACHT CLUB

Measuring Direction Bearings are measured from TRUE NORTH using the lines of Longitude on the chart. This can be done with the Portland Plotter. AXE YACHT CLUB

AXE YACHT CLUB

Digital Charts Raster Vector Scanned Paper Charts Can be zoomed but no additional information! Vector Data located on the chart by its position More detail shown as you apply more “layers” AXE YACHT CLUB

RYA 3 and 4 These are “Admiralty Charts” produced by the UKHO. Charts are updated through “Admiralty Notices to Mariners” – now from web. http://www.ukho.gov.uk/nmwebsearch/ Charts up to date when they leave the chart agents. Corrections are noted in the bottom left hand corner of the chart. AXE YACHT CLUB

Symbols on Admiralty Charts These are listed in Chart 5011, which is actually a book. AXE YACHT CLUB

Charts from other publishers AXE YACHT CLUB

Publications 5011 Nautical Almanac Pilot Books Harbour Guides http://www.visitmyharbour.com/harbours/channel-west/seaton/ AXE YACHT CLUB