Carbohydrates.

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Carbohydrates Properties Controlled by Structure

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Presentation transcript:

Carbohydrates

Which foods contain carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates Energy Source Why are carbohydrates important? CH2OH O 2009-2010

Carbohydrates include sugars and starches. Glucose

Carbohydrates are molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Ratio of 1 : 2 : 1 C1 H2 O1 Glucose C6H12O6

Carbohydrates Function: Quick energy Energy storage Structure and Support

are the primary source of chemical energy for cells. Carbohydrates Function: Quick energy --- Simple carbohydrates (glucose) are the primary source of chemical energy for cells. glucose

Complex carbohydrates store energy Function: energy storage --- Complex carbohydrates store energy starch & glycogen starch glycogen

Carbohydrates Function: Complex carbohydrates provide structure and support --- cellulose & chitin

Carbohydrates can exist as: monosaccharides --- Carbohydrates can exist as: monosaccharides --- composed of one monomer---one sugar disaccharides --- composed of two monomers (two monosaccharides)--- two sugars polysaccharides --- composed many monomers (many monosaccharides)---many sugars

SIMPLE SUGARS – name ends in ose Monosaccharides & Disaccharides

Monosaccharides …one sugar Many simple sugars: contain 5 or 6 carbon atoms arranged in a ring in a ratio of C1H2O1. Ribose C5H10O5 Glucose C6H12O6 Fructose C6H12O6 Galactose C6H12O6

The most common monosaccharides are: …..simple sugar…..one sugar Glucose - main source of energy for cells. Fructose - the sugar in fruits Galactose – sugar found in milk Ribose- sugar in DNA and RNA

Glucose - C6H12O6 Fructose - C6H12O6

Disaccharides: composed of two monosaccharides --- two sugars Sucrose (table sugar) – composed of glucose and fructose. Lactose (sugar in milk) – composed of glucose and galactose.

Lactose (sugar in milk) Sucrose (table sugar) fructose Lactose (sugar in milk) glucose galactose glucose

Polysaccharides --- complex carbohydrate composed of many monosaccharides …many sugars

Polysaccharides --- Function: (1) Energy Reserves sugar Function: (1) Energy Reserves (2) Structure and Support

Polysaccharides - Energy Reserves (1) Starch --- energy storage in plant cells composed of long chains of glucose (2) Glycogen --- energy storage in the liver and muscles of animals composed of long chains of glucose

Polysaccharides --- Structure & Support Cellulose --- the cell wall of plants straight long chains of glucose molecules. (2) Chitin ---- the cell wall of fungi; the exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans.