Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine Introduction to Chinese Medicine Theory

TCM as a Metaphor Evidence of Acupuncture tools as early as 8,000 years ago 1st definitive evidence of Veterinary Acupuncture ~450 B.C. Taboo to look in body What we say organ does in TCM may be different then what know in western medicine. 1st Known text: Yellow emperor’s Classic of Internal medicine 2,200 yrs ago – refers to older texts Orginially in farm animals Small animals last 50-100 years Popularity increases in US in 1970’s after Nixon’s trip to china

Western vs. Eastern Goals Western Medicine – treat underlying insult Particularly apt at treating acute illness, emergencies or surgical presentation Eastern Medicine – Treat the whole and try to bring body back to balance Particularly helpful in chronic disease processes

Qi Energy, Vital Force, Life Source, Vital Breath All essential life activities involved Spirtual, emotional, mental & physical Obi Wan & the Force If flow of Qi insufficient, unbalanced or interrupted results in illness Different type of Qi including Source, Food, air Obi : “It is an Energy field created by all living things. It surrounds us. It penetrates us. It binds the galaxy together.” Source Qi – Jing/Yuan Qi, Food=Gu Qi, Air=Cosmic/

Qi Travels through meridans or energy pathways 14 main meridians: 12 organ pairs and 2 unpaired Extraordinary meridians Acupuncture (AP) points – where meridians come to surface Includes free nerve endings, arterioles, veins, lymphatics, mast cells Activation results in increased blood flow, change in immune response, relaxes muscles and tissue, alter pain pathway, nerve transmission, hormones, neuro transmitters.

Zang Fu/Yang Yin Organ Pairs 12 meridians paired as Husband/Wife or Yang/Yin Yang: male, summer, light, day, external, dry, hot, acute, hollow Yin: female, winter, dark, night, internal, wet, cold, chornic, solid Everything has opposite Opposites control each other Mutually create each other Can transform into each other Opposites: any division into opposites can be further divided – Day: Morning more Yang, Afternoon more Yin Control: Add cold water to hot =>hot water cooled but cold water heated Create: can’t have one without other Transform: night to day, winter to spring

Zang Fu organ pairs ZANG: FU: Yin Interior Wife Solid Manufacture and store essential substances Qi, Blood, Body Fluid FU: Yang Exterior Husband Hollow Receive and Digest Food Waste transport and excretion

Zang Fu Organ Pairs Lung Spleen Heart Pericardium Liver Kidney Large Intestine Stomach Small Intestine Triple Heater/San Jiao Gall Bladder Bladder (Urinary) Lung – Upper Jiao -Governs Qi and Respiration – exchange and renewal of Cosmic Qi: O/CO2 exchange - Regulate water passage, distributes Wei Qi/Defensive energy – ascending /descending -Controls the surface, opens to nose, throat Spleen – Middle Jiao -Transportation/Transformation of food, dampness, holding function -Controls blood – circulates, keeps in vessels -muscles and limbs via food energy -open to mouth and lips Heart – Upper Jiao -Governs circulation of Blood – propels it -Houses shen – Spirit/Mind-mental, memory, sleep -Control Sweat -Opens to Tongue Pericardium – Membrane surrounding heart – protect heart – treatment strat same as heart Liver – Store Blood, regulates volume of blood in circ – exercise ability -Maintain smooth flow of Qi >ensure maintain ascending and descending of SP/ST>harmony b/tw QI and Blood>keep TH from Obs -Control Jin – lig, tendons, sinews, fascia – link jts and musc. -Opens to eyes Kidney –Lower jiao -Stores essences – congenital and acquired (from spleen/Food)-”Oil Lamp” –no oil – light goes out -Governs Water -Grasps Cosmic/inhaled Qi -Dominates Bone/Marrow – spinal cord, teeth -Opens to ears, controls 2 orifices Large Int – Receive waste from Small Intestine, reabsord fluid, excretion Stomach – Receive food to rot/decompose and ripen >essential subs taken by spleen to transport - with spleen – origin of Qi and Blood via Gu Qi Small Intestine – receive from stomach, absorb essentials, sep clean from turbid>sp & Lu then transmit clean to body, - SI transport turbid to LI or Bladder TH – Sanjiao – General pathway for distribution of Source Qi and Body fluids -Divided into Upper Middle Lower jiao -Upper – HT & Lu – governs resp & Blood Vessels, distribute nutrients -Middle – Diaphragm to Naval – SP & ST – Rot, digest, absorb food -Lower – Naval to feet – Drainage system – sep and excrete – KI, BL, SI, LI GB – EQ – Bile duct -Store/Excrete bile, assist digestion, Decision making if Qi deficient BL-Store & Excret Urine

Governs Qi & Respiration Dominates Ascending & Descending Lung: Governs Qi & Respiration Dominates Ascending & Descending Control the Body Surface Opens in the Nose Governs Qi & Respiration-Inhales “clear” Qi, Exhales “stale” Qi, Forms Zong Qi from Gu Qi & clear Qi, Qi help propel the Blood so Lung and Heart work together, Stagnation of Lung Qi leads to cough and asthma Dominates Ascending & Descending - Distributes defensive (wie) Qi and body fluid to entire body, Helps maintain normal descending function, while receiving the ascending water vapor from the kidney Control the Body Surface - Distributes body fluid to the tissues which in turn helps regulate skin moisture and sweating, Provides Wei Qi Opens in the Nose - Lung is a canopy over the other organs and very delicate, Easily affected by pathogens (wind, heat, cold or dryness) Large Intestine: -Receive waste from SI -Reabsorb fluids -Excrete waste

-Origin of Qi and Blood with Spleen via Food energy Stomach: -Receive Food -Rot and Ripen -Origin of Qi and Blood with Spleen via Food energy Spleen: Governs Transportation & Transformation Controls Blood Dominates the Muscles Opens in Mouth Lips & Gums (ST) Governs Transportation & Transformation-Distribution, digestion & absorption of nutrients and water, Dominates post-natal life, SP Qi up- -ST Qi down Controls Blood-Keeps blood in vessels & prevents extravasation, SP important for holding substance:Blood, Hernias, Prolapses Dominates the Muscles-Weakness, Muscle atrophy, Emaciation Opens in Mouth-Lips (SP) & Gums (ST), Chewing and appetite are related to Spleen function, Poor Spleen function, poor appetite

Dominates the Blood & Vessels Heart: Dominates the Blood & Vessels Houses the Mind Controls Sweating Opens in the Tongue Small Intestine: -receive from stomach -absorb essentials -seperate clean from turbid - Spleen & Lung then transmit clean to body - Small Intestine transport turbid to LI or Bladder Dominates the Blood & Vessels-Motive force behind blood circulation, Requires proper Heart Qi function for normal pulse and mucous membrane color, Deficiency leads to weak, thready pulse and pale tongue Houses the Mind-Mental activity, memory, sleep, Primarily related to Heart Blood, Deficiency of Heart Blood leads to restlessness, anxiety and shen disturbance Controls Sweating-Blood carries body fluid and is interchangeable with it, Body fluid is used to make up sweat, Heart deficiency leads to spontaneous sweating, Night- -Yin, Day- -Yang Opens in the Tongue-Controls color and appearance of the tongue, particularly tip, Deficiency in Heart Blood shows pale (dry) tongue, Excess heat in Heart causes dark red tongue

Pericardium: Protects the Heart In Practice, considered the same as the Heart Treat the same May be more related to shen Triple Heater: -Sanjiao – General pathway for distribution of Source Qi and Body fluids -Divided into Upper, Middle, Lower jiao -Upper – HT & Lu – governs resp & Blood Vessels, distribute nutrients -Middle – Diaphragm to Naval – SP & ST – Rot, digest, absorb food -Lower – Naval to feet – Drainage system – sep and excrete – KI, BL, SI, LI

Decision making if Qi deficient Gall Bladder: --Store/Excrete bile Assist Digestion Decision making if Qi deficient Liver: Stores the Blood Maintains the Smooth Flow of Qi & Blood Controls the Sinews Opens in the Eyes Liver: Stores the Blood- Acts to regulate blood volume, Closely related to tolerance to tiredness, Measure of athletic performance Maintains the Smooth Flow of Qi & Blood, Ensuring SP/ST digestive function, Maintaining vital activities of the body, Maintaining smooth flow of water-damp Controls the Sinews - Moistens and nourishes the tendons and ligaments, Ensures smooth joint movements, Depends upon adequate LIV blood Opens in the Eyes-Meridian connection, LIV yin & blood deficiency leads to dry eyes, LIV heat leads to red, swollen eyes

Controls Reception of Qi Dominates the Bones & Marrow Bladder: -Store & Excrete Urine -Association Points Kidney: Stores Essence Governs Water Controls Reception of Qi Dominates the Bones & Marrow Opens in the Ears Controls the 2 Orifices Ki: Stores Essence-Inherited Essence (DNA from parents), Acquired Essence(From food via the Spleen) Governs Water-Gate that regulates water, Separates clear from turbid water, Clear water is boiled to Lung, Turbid water is sent to Bladder Controls Reception of Qi-Holds down Qi received from the Lung, Kidney deficiency leads to asthma Dominates the Bones & Marrow-Osteoarthritis, Teeth, Brain & Spinal Cord, Bone Marrow (Blood) Opens in the Ears-Associated with hearing and deafness Controls the 2 Orifices-Urination, Defecation. Reproduction

Extraordinary Fu Organs Hollow shape of Fu Organs but store essential substances like Zang organs Brain – Sea of Marrow, House of mind, connects with Spinal Marrow Related to Kidney and Heart Marrow – brain , spinal cord, bone marrow Origin =Kidney essence, Nourish brain and bone Bone – controlled by Kidney, form marrow & skeleton

Extraordinary Fu Organs, Con’t Vessels – House of blood Circulate Qi and Blood within *Gall Bladder* - Because Hollow, one of regular Fu organ but functions like Zang organ because it stores bile Uterus – Nourishes fetus, controls estrus and pregnancy Closely related to Kidney and extraordinary vessels

Diagnostic Systems Systems used to develop a Chinese Medicine pattern 2 main: 8 Principle 5 Element

Eight Principle Determine type of Disease process Superficial/Exterior Hot Excess Yang Deep/Internal Cold Deficient Yin

Five Element 5 categories in Natural World Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water Describe nature of Zang Fu organs, inter-relationship between organs, relationship between body and world With 8 principle can guide diagnosis and treatment Individuals tend to have characteristics, diseases explained by their elemental constitutions

5 Element Wood – leaders, Alpha, Loud, Angers, Quick, Skilled runners, Alert, Diplomat, High BP, Allergy, Depression, Neurosis, Tend to Stagnation Fire – exuberant, always on go, life of party, Extrovert, Center of Attention, Inventor, Persuasive, Arrogant, Exaggerates, separation anxiety, Cardiovascular Disease Earth – Laid back, easy going, Motherly, seek companionship, seek to please, worry, GI issues, Obesity Metal – aloof, confident, love order, Broad minded, Righteous, Vain, Resp problems, Diabetes, Constipation Water – Introverted, Fearful, quiet-observer, planner, advisor, deep thinker, ok alone, consistent but slow, sinister, fear biter, infertility, back pain, UTI

Sheng – creation cycle Ko-Control Cycle

Fire Earth Metal water Wood Season Climate Direction Flavor Emotions     Wood Fire Earth Metal water Season Spring Summer Late Summer Fall Winter Climate Wind Heat Damp Dryness Cold Direction East South Center West North Flavor Sour Bitter Sweet Pungent Salty Emotions Anger Irritation Joy Fright Preoccupation Worry Grief Sadness Fear Terror Orifice Eyes Tongue Mouth Nose Ears Sense Vision Speech Taste Smell Hearing Tissue Tendons Ligaments Vascular System Muscles Skin Hair Coat Bones Body Action Spasms Tantrums Mania Depresion Spitting Vomiting Coughing Wheezing Trembling Shivering

Additional Diagnostics Tongue – Areas for each element Color Red – Heat, Yin deficiency Pale – Qi or Blood Deficiency Purple – Qi or Blood Stagnation Lavender – Cold, Yang deficiency Yellow – Heat/Damp Coat White –cold, damp, phlegm Yellow – Heat Dry-Yin/Blood Deficiency Wet – Qi/Yang Deficiency, Damp

Additional Diagnostics Pulse Dog/Cat – Femoral Equine – Carotid 3 locations on each side and 3 depths In beginning: deep, superficial, thin, broad, fast, slow Work up to wiry and slippery Left<Right – Yin/Blood Deficiency Right<Left – Yang/Qi deficiency